Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru, 570 006, Karnataka, India.
Microbiology and Bioinformatics Department, Bilaspur University, Bilaspur, (C.G), 495 001, India.
Chemosphere. 2021 Jul;275:129975. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129975. Epub 2021 Feb 15.
The increased environmental pollutants due to anthropogenic activities are posing an adverse effects and threat on various biotic forms on the planet. Heavy metals and certain organic pollutants by their toxic persistence in the environment are regarded as significant pollutants worldwide. In recent years, pollutants exist in various forms in the environment are difficult to eliminate by traditional technologies due to various drawbacks. This has lead to shifting of research for the development of cost-effective and efficient technologies for the remediation of environmental pollutants. The adaption of adsorption phenomenon from the traditional technologies with the modification of adsorbents at nanoscale is the trended research for mitigating the environmental pollutants with petite environmental concerns. Over the past decade, the hidden potentials of biological sources for the biofabrication of nanomaterials as bequeathed rapid research for remediating the environmental pollution in a sustainable manner. The biofabricated nanomaterials possess an inimitable phenomenon such as photo and enzymatic catalysis, electrostatic interaction, surface active site interactions, etc., contributing for the detoxification of various pollutants. With this background, the current review highlights the emerging biofabricated nano-based adsorbent materials and their underlying mechanisms addressing the environmental remediation of persistent organic pollutants, heavy metal (loid)s, phytopathogens, special attention to the reduction of pathogen-derived toxins and air pollutants. Each category is illustrated with suitable examples, fundamental mechanism, and graphical representations, along with societal applications. Finally, the future and sustainable development of eco-friendly biofabricated nanomaterial-based adsorbents is discussed.
由于人为活动导致的环境污染物增加，对地球上的各种生物形式造成了不利影响和威胁。重金属和某些有机污染物因其在环境中的毒性持久性而被认为是全球范围内的重要污染物。近年来，由于各种缺点，环境中存在的各种形式的污染物很难用传统技术消除。这导致人们转而研究开发具有成本效益和高效的技术，以修复环境污染物。将吸附现象从传统技术中加以应用，并通过纳米尺度的吸附剂进行改性，是减少环境污染物、减少微小环境影响的一种趋势性研究。在过去的十年中，生物资源在纳米材料的生物制造方面的潜在价值，为以可持续的方式修复环境污染的研究带来了快速发展。生物制造的纳米材料具有独特的现象，如光和酶催化、静电相互作用、表面活性位点相互作用等，有助于各种污染物的解毒。有鉴于此，本综述重点介绍了新兴的生物制造纳米基吸附材料及其潜在机制，用于解决持久性有机污染物、重金属（类金属）、植物病原体的环境修复问题，特别关注减少病原体衍生毒素和空气污染物的问题。每个类别都附有适当的例子、基本机制和图形表示，以及社会应用。最后，讨论了基于环保型生物制造纳米材料的吸附剂的未来和可持续发展。
