Czech Herwig, Druml Christiane, Müller Markus, Voegler Max, Beilmann Andrea, Fowler Nick
Medical University of Vienna, Department of Ethics, Collections, and History of Medicine (Josephinum), Austria.
Medical University of Vienna, Department of Ethics, Collections, and History of Medicine (Josephinum), Austria.
Ann Anat. 2021 Sep;237:151693. doi: 10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151693. Epub 2021 Feb 23.
Eduard Pernkopf (1888-1955) became head of the Second Anatomical Institute in 1933, dean of the medical faculty in 1938 with the Annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany, and rector of the University of Vienna in 1943. He gained worldwide recognition with his anatomical atlas, which many consider unequaled to this day. In the decades that followed, suspicion arose that the drawings were made using corpses of people who had been victims of Nazi persecution and, following international inquiries and critique, the University of Vienna appointed a historical commission to the matter. The commission published its results in 1998, concluding that anatomical specimens used for the illustrations in Pernkopf's atlas had in all likelihood been made using corpses of victims of the Nazi judicial system. In total, the Anatomical Institute received the corpses of at least 1377 executed people, including many members of the anti-Nazi resistance. Through the acquisition of Pernkopf's original publisher Urban & Schwarzenberg in 2003, the original drawings and the publishing rights went to Elsevier. While existing copies of Pernkopf's Anatomy remain in use, printing or licensing of the atlas or its illustrations were stopped in 1994, inducing an effective ban on publishing the illustrations in other contexts, for example in works dealing with history and ethics of anatomy. In December 2019, Elsevier donated the remaining original drawings and proofs to the Medical University of Vienna, ensuring that these returned to the institution where they originated. They are now part of the university's historical collections held at the Josephinum. Moreover, the transfer of the originals to Vienna ensures appropriate archiving and conservation, cataloging and digitization, as well as access to the illustrations for historical and related research.
爱德华·佩恩科夫（1888 - 1955）于1933年成为第二解剖学研究所所长，1938年随着奥地利并入纳粹德国成为医学院院长，1943年成为维也纳大学校长。他凭借其解剖学图谱获得了全球认可，许多人认为该图谱至今无与伦比。在随后的几十年里，人们开始怀疑这些图谱是用纳粹迫害受害者的尸体绘制的，经过国际调查和批评后，维也纳大学为此任命了一个历史委员会。该委员会于1998年公布了其结果，得出结论认为，佩恩科夫图谱中用于插图的解剖标本很可能是用纳粹司法系统受害者的尸体制作的。解剖学研究所总共接收了至少1377名被处决者的尸体，其中包括许多反纳粹抵抗组织成员。2003年，通过收购佩恩科夫的原出版商乌尔班与施瓦岑贝格出版社，原始图纸和出版权归爱思唯尔所有。虽然佩恩科夫的《解剖学》现有版本仍在使用，但该图谱及其插图的印刷或授权在1994年被停止，从而有效地禁止了在其他情况下出版这些插图，例如在涉及解剖学历史和伦理的作品中。2019年12月，爱思唯尔将剩余的原始图纸和校样捐赠给了维也纳医科大学，确保它们回到了起源机构。它们现在是该大学保存在约瑟夫inum的历史藏品的一部分。此外，将原件转移到维也纳确保了适当的存档和保存、编目和数字化，以及为历史和相关研究提供插图访问。
