Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Science (LIBM EA 7424), University of Lyon, University Jean Monnet, France; Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, Sports Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Faculty of Medicine, France; European Athletics Medical and Anti Doping Commission, European Athletics Association (EAA), Switzerland.
Medical School Hamburg, Germany.
J Sci Med Sport. 2021 Jul;24(7):653-659. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2021.02.006. Epub 2021 Feb 17.
To analyse the rates of lower limb muscle injuries in athletics disciplines requiring different running velocities during international athletics championships.
Prospective total population study.
During 13 international athletics championships (2009-2019) national medical teams and local organizing committee physicians daily reported all newly incurred injuries using the same study design, injury definition and data collection procedures. In-competition lower limb muscle injuries of athletes participating in disciplines involving running (i.e. sprints, hurdles, jumps, combined events, middle distances, long distances, and marathon) were analysed.
Among the 12,233 registered athletes, 344 in-competition lower limb muscle injuries were reported (36% of all in-competition injuries). The proportion, incidence rates and injury burden of lower limb muscles injuries differed between disciplines for female and male athletes. The most frequently injured muscle group was hamstring in sprints, hurdles, jumps, combined events and male middle distances runners (43-75%), and posterior lower leg in female middle distances, male long distances, and female marathon runners (44-60%). Hamstring muscles injuries led to the highest burden in all disciplines, except for female middle distance and marathon and male long distance runners. Hamstring muscles injury burden was generally higher in disciplines requiring higher running velocities, and posterior lower leg muscle injuries higher in disciplines requiring lower running velocities.
The present study shows discipline-specific injury location in competition context. Our findings suggest that the running velocity could be one of the factors that play a role in the occurrence/location of muscle injuries.
分析在国际田径锦标赛中需要不同跑步速度的田径项目中下肢肌肉损伤的发生率。
前瞻性总体人群研究。
在 13 次国际田径锦标赛（2009-2019 年）期间，国家医疗队和当地组委会医生每天使用相同的研究设计、损伤定义和数据收集程序报告所有新发生的损伤。分析参加涉及跑步的项目（即短跑、跨栏、跳跃、全能运动、中距离跑、长距离跑和马拉松）的运动员的比赛中下肢肌肉损伤。
在注册的 12233 名运动员中，报告了 344 例比赛中下肢肌肉损伤（占所有比赛损伤的 36%）。女性和男性运动员的不同项目中，下肢肌肉损伤的比例、发生率和损伤负担不同。最常受伤的肌肉群是短跑、跨栏、跳跃、全能运动和男性中距离跑运动员的腿后肌（43-75%），以及女性中距离跑、男性长距离跑和女性马拉松跑运动员的小腿后肌（44-60%）。除女性中距离和马拉松以及男性长距离跑运动员外，所有项目中腿后肌损伤导致的损伤负担最高。在需要较高跑步速度的项目中，腿后肌损伤的负担通常更高，而在需要较低跑步速度的项目中，小腿后肌损伤的负担更高。
本研究显示了比赛环境中特定项目的损伤部位。我们的研究结果表明，跑步速度可能是导致肌肉损伤发生/部位的因素之一。
