Liu Shijian, Yuan Chunhui, Lin Jianfei, Gao Wenqi, Tian Dan, Cai Xiaonan, Yuan Jiajun, Xiang Feiyan, Yang Yan, Huang Xinru, Li Ruizhen, Xiang Yun, Shan Hongmei, Zhao Li, Dong Bin, Zhou Min, Tong Shilu, Chen Tongxin, Shao Jianbo, Zhao Liebin, Xiao Han
Child Health Advocacy Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Transl Pediatr. 2021 Jan;10(1):17-25. doi: 10.21037/tp-20-225.
The infection rate of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children was less than that in adults. However, the underlining reason is not well known.
Children with COVID-19 were recruited from two Children's Hospitals in Wuhan and Shanghai in this case-control study. The associations of initial symptoms with age, vaccinations of Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG), and influenza and pathogens were determined by Chi-square -test.
We evaluated 248 confirmed cases, and 56 suspected cases with COVID-19. The median age was 6.82 years old, and 118 cases (38.82%) were girls. Furthermore, 30.26% of all patients were asymptomatic cases. The percentage of asymptomatic cases vaccinated with BCG was not significantly higher than that without BCG vaccination [86/280 (30.71%) 6/13 (46.15%), P=0.203], and initial symptoms were not related with immunized influenza vaccine (P=0.267). Compared to parameters in pediatric patients with normal body temperatures, patients with fever had higher C reactive protein (CRP) (P<0.001).
Pediatric COVID-19 patients with BCG vaccinations exhibit similar clinical manifestations compared to those without BCG vaccinations, and the severity of symptoms in pediatric patients may be related to the maturity of immune function.
2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）在儿童中的感染率低于成人。然而，其潜在原因尚不清楚。
在这项病例对照研究中，从武汉和上海的两家儿童医院招募了COVID-19患儿。通过卡方检验确定初始症状与年龄、卡介苗（BCG）接种、流感疫苗接种及病原体之间的关联。
我们评估了248例确诊病例和56例COVID-19疑似病例。中位年龄为6.82岁，118例（38.82%）为女孩。此外，所有患者中有30.26%为无症状病例。接种卡介苗的无症状病例百分比并不显著高于未接种卡介苗的无症状病例百分比[86/280（30.71%）对6/13（46.15%），P = 0.203]，且初始症状与接种流感疫苗无关（P = 0.267）。与体温正常的儿科患者相比，发热患者的C反应蛋白（CRP）更高（P < 0.001）。
与未接种卡介苗的儿科COVID-19患者相比，接种卡介苗的患者临床表现相似，儿科患者症状的严重程度可能与免疫功能的成熟度有关。
