Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Society for Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNI), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK.
Sleep Med Rev. 2021 Oct;59:101448. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101448. Epub 2021 Jan 27.
Epidemiological and interventional research has highlighted sleep as a potentially modifiable risk factor associated with poor physical and mental health. Emerging evidence from (behavioral) genetic research also shows that sleep characteristics are under strong genetic control. With this study we aimed to meta-analyze the literature in this area to quantify the heritability of sleep duration and sleep quality in the general population. We conducted a systematic literature search in five online databases on January 24th 2020. Two authors independently screened 5644 abstracts, and 160 complete articles for the inclusion criteria of twin studies from the general population reporting heritability statistics on sleep duration and/or quality, and written in English. We ultimately included 23 papers (19 independent samples: 45,328 twins between 6 mo and 88 y) for sleep duration, and 13 papers (10 independent samples: 39,020 twins between 16 and 95 y) for sleep quality. Collectively, we showed that 46% of the variability in sleep duration and 44% of the variability in sleep quality is genetically determined. The remaining variation in the sleep characteristics can mostly be attributed to the unique environment the twins experience, although the shared environment seemed to play a role for the variability of childhood sleep duration. Meta-analyzed heritability estimates for sleep duration, however, varied substantially with age (17% infancy, 20-52% childhood, 69% adolescence and 42-45% adulthood) and reporter (8% parent-report, 38-52% self-report). Heritability estimates for actigraphic and Polysomnography (PSG)-estimated sleep were based on few small samples, warranting more research. Our findings highlight the importance of considering genetic influences when aiming to understand the underlying mechanisms contributing to the trajectories of sleep patterns across the lifespan.
流行病学和干预研究强调了睡眠作为与身心健康不良相关的潜在可改变风险因素的重要性。（行为）遗传学研究的新证据也表明，睡眠特征受强烈的遗传控制。本研究旨在对该领域的文献进行荟萃分析，以量化一般人群中睡眠持续时间和睡眠质量的遗传性。我们于 2020 年 1 月 24 日在五个在线数据库中进行了系统的文献检索。两名作者独立筛选了 5644 篇摘要和 160 篇完整的文章，这些文章来自于一般人群的双胞胎研究，报告了关于睡眠持续时间和/或睡眠质量的遗传统计数据，并且以英文撰写。我们最终纳入了 23 篇关于睡眠持续时间的论文（19 个独立样本：45328 对 6 个月至 88 岁的双胞胎）和 13 篇关于睡眠质量的论文（10 个独立样本：39020 对 16 至 95 岁的双胞胎）。总的来说，我们表明睡眠持续时间的可变性中有 46%是由遗传决定的，睡眠质量的可变性中有 44%是由遗传决定的。双胞胎所经历的独特环境可以解释睡眠特征的大部分剩余变化，尽管共享环境似乎对儿童睡眠持续时间的可变性起着作用。然而，睡眠持续时间的荟萃分析遗传估计值随年龄（17%婴儿期、20-52%儿童期、69%青春期和 42-45%成年期）和报告者（8%父母报告、38-52%自我报告）而有很大差异。基于少数小样本的活动记录仪和多导睡眠图（PSG）估计的睡眠的遗传估计值，需要更多的研究。我们的研究结果强调了在试图理解导致整个生命周期睡眠模式轨迹的潜在机制时，考虑遗传影响的重要性。
