Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
Mol Immunol. 2021 May;133:95-100. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.12.008. Epub 2021 Feb 23.
The two main T cell lineages, αβ and γδ T cells, play a central role in immunity. Unlike αβ T cells that recognize antigens bound to the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) or MHC class I-like antigen-presenting molecules, the ligands for γδ T cell receptors (TCRs) are much more diverse. However, it is now clear that γδ TCRs can also recognize MHC class I-like molecules, including CD1b, CD1c, CD1d and the MHC class I-related protein 1 (MR1). Yet, our understanding at the molecular level of γδ T cell immunity to CD1 and MR1 is still very limited. Here, we discuss new molecular paradigms underpinning γδ TCRs recognition of antigens, antigen-presenting molecules or both. The recent discovery of recognition of MR1 by a γδ TCR at a position located underneath the antigen display platform reinforces the view that γδ TCRs can approach their ligands from many directions, unlike αβ TCRs that bind MHC, CD1 and MR1 targets in an aligned, end to end fashion.
两种主要的 T 细胞谱系，αβ 和 γδ T 细胞，在免疫中发挥核心作用。与识别与主要组织相容性复合体 (MHC) 或 MHC 类样抗原呈递分子结合的抗原的 αβ T 细胞不同，γδ T 细胞受体 (TCR) 的配体要多样化得多。然而，现在很清楚，γδ TCR 也可以识别 MHC 类样分子，包括 CD1b、CD1c、CD1d 和 MHC 类相关蛋白 1 (MR1)。然而，我们对 γδ T 细胞对 CD1 和 MR1 的免疫的分子水平的理解仍然非常有限。在这里，我们讨论了支持 γδ TCR 识别抗原、抗原呈递分子或两者的新分子范例。最近发现 γδ TCR 在抗原呈递平台下方的位置识别 MR1，这一发现强化了这样一种观点，即 γδ TCR 可以从许多方向接近它们的配体，而不像 αβ TCR 那样以对齐的、端到端的方式结合 MHC、CD1 和 MR1 靶标。
