生物燃料与可持续未来

Biofuels for a sustainable future.

机构信息

Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, USA; Division of Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA; California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.

Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, USA; Division of Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.

出版信息

Cell. 2021 Mar 18;184(6):1636-1647. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.01.052. Epub 2021 Feb 26.

DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2021.01.052

PMID:33639085

Abstract

Rapid increases of energy consumption and human dependency on fossil fuels have led to the accumulation of greenhouse gases and consequently, climate change. As such, major efforts have been taken to develop, test, and adopt clean renewable fuel alternatives. Production of bioethanol and biodiesel from crops is well developed, while other feedstock resources and processes have also shown high potential to provide efficient and cost-effective alternatives, such as landfill and plastic waste conversion, algal photosynthesis, as well as electrochemical carbon fixation. In addition, the downstream microbial fermentation can be further engineered to not only increase the product yield but also expand the chemical space of biofuels through the rational design and fine-tuning of biosynthetic pathways toward the realization of "designer fuels" and diverse future applications.

摘要

能源消耗的快速增长和人类对化石燃料的依赖导致了温室气体的积累，从而引发了气候变化。因此，人们已经做出了巨大的努力来开发、测试和采用清洁可再生燃料的替代品。利用农作物生产生物乙醇和生物柴油已经得到了很好的发展，而其他原料资源和工艺也显示出了提供高效和具有成本效益的替代品的巨大潜力，例如垃圾填埋场和塑料废物转化、藻类光合作用以及电化学碳固定。此外，下游微生物发酵可以进一步进行工程设计，不仅可以提高产品产量，还可以通过合理设计和精细调整生物合成途径来扩大生物燃料的化学空间，从而实现“设计燃料”和多样化的未来应用。