School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2021 Mar 15;1167:122581. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122581. Epub 2021 Feb 18.
The pharmaceutical importance of cannabis is growing due to the natural non-psychoactive and psychoactive cannabinoids. For medicinal and forensic purposes, the effective extraction and quantification are essential to fully utilise the natural cannabinoids. The supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) process has gained increasing interest due to its selective extraction, short processing time (partly due to the efficient solvent removal process - supercritical fluid to vapour - leaving a solvent free product), low running cost, and low impact on the environment, compared to that of most conventional extraction methods. In this review, the extraction of cannabinoids through SFE methods have been summarised. The advantages of SFE of cannabinoids over conventional extraction procedures; such as microwave-assisted extraction, solid phase microextraction, hard-cap espresso, soxhlet extraction, high-throughput homogenization, ultrasound-assisted extraction, vacuum distillation of lipid-based extract, and liquid-liquid extraction are discussed. Furthermore, this review examines the importance of the SFE of cannabinoids by coupling with various conventional extraction methods, separation techniques, selection of a suitable co-solvent/modifier, and appropriate sample preparation. Additionally, the applications of using SFE technology and cannabinoids are reviewed with a focus on industrial, pharmaceutical, waste by-products, and purification.
由于天然的非精神活性和精神活性大麻素，大麻在制药方面的重要性日益增加。为了医疗和法医学目的，有效的提取和定量对于充分利用天然大麻素至关重要。与大多数常规提取方法相比，超临界流体萃取（SFE）工艺由于其具有选择性提取、短处理时间（部分原因是高效的溶剂去除过程 - 超临界流体到蒸气 - 留下无溶剂的产品）、运行成本低且对环境影响小，因此越来越受到关注。在这篇综述中，总结了通过 SFE 方法提取大麻素的情况。讨论了 SFE 相对于传统提取程序（例如微波辅助提取、固相微萃取、硬帽浓缩咖啡、索氏提取、高通量均化、超声辅助提取、基于脂质的提取物的减压蒸馏和液 - 液萃取）提取大麻素的优势。此外，本文还通过与各种常规提取方法、分离技术、合适的共溶剂/改性剂的选择以及适当的样品制备相结合，考察了 SFE 对大麻素提取的重要性。此外，还综述了使用 SFE 技术和大麻素的应用，重点关注工业、制药、废物副产物和净化。
