Combinations of emerging technologies with fermentation: Interaction effects for detoxification of mycotoxins?

Consumption of foods containing mycotoxins, as crucial groups of naturally occurring toxic agents, could pose significant health risks. While the extensive scientific literature indicates that prevention of contamination by toxigenic fungi is one of the best ways to reduce mycotoxins, detoxifying strategies are useful for improving the safety of food products. Nowadays, the food and pharmaceutical industries are using the concept of combined technologies to enhance the product yield by implementing emerging techniques, such as ultrasound, ohmic heating, moderate electric field (MEF), pulsed electric field (PEF) and high-pressure processing, during the fermentation process. While the application of emerging technologies in improving the fermentation process is well explained in this literature, there is a lack of scientific texts discussing the possibility of mycotoxin degradation through the interaction effects of emerging technologies and fermentation. Therefore, this study was undertaken to provide deep insight into applying emerging processing technologies in fermentation, mechanisms and the prospects of innovative combinations of physical and biological techniques for mycotoxins' detoxification. Among various emerging technologies, ultrasound, ohmic heating, MEF, PEF, and cold plasma have shown significant positive effects on fermentation and mycotoxins detoxification, highlighting the possibility of interactions from such combinations to degrade mycotoxins in foods.