Parreira Pedro, Santos-Costa Paulo, Graveto João, Ferreira Paulo Alexandre, Salgueiro-Oliveira Anabela, Sousa Liliana B, Bernardes Rafael A, Serambeque Beatriz, Mónico Lisete, Kapun Marija Milavec, Gogova Tina, Vesa Pirjo, Vandenhoudt Hilde, Nevelsteen Dorine, Kokko Raija
Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing, Nursing School of Coimbra, 3004-011 Coimbra, Portugal.
Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Heliyon. 2021 Feb 2;7(2):e06140. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06140. eCollection 2021 Feb.
Current international policies converge to the need of empowering patients and families in becoming more autonomous in the self-caring and management of their noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Given their professional scope, nurses are the most well-positioned health professionals to answer this societal challenge. In the literature, health coaching and the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) emerge as two still under-used contributions to nursing practice in this regard. Given the lack of instruments and research developed so far in the use of health coaching and ICTs during nurses training, we aim to develop a scale that explores nursing students' perceptions regarding their coaching skills of people with NCDs and the potential role of ICTs in this domain.
After a comprehensive literature review, an initial items list (n = 39) was delineated and discussed by a panel of international experts. After conceptual and structural consensus, the pre-validated version of the Personal and Technological Skills to coach people with noncommunicable diseases scale (PTSC-NCD scale) was created. Then, the pre-validated PTSC-NCD scale was translated to Portuguese, Finnish, Flemish and Slovenian following Beaton and colleagues' recommendations, and applied to undergraduate nursing students in five European universities. Principal component analysis and reliability analysis were performed in each country through the statistical program Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 22.0). All ethical assumptions were complied with throughout this study.
874 nursing students enrolled in the study, predominantly female (71.1%) and with a mean age of 22.4 years (SD = 5.49). After data analysis across international settings, three dimensions emerged: Coaching Centred Personal Skills (F1); Digital Technology Improving Patient-Centred Care (F2); and Digital Technology Improving Relational Skills (F3). All the dimensions showed good reliability (Cronbach's alpha >.80).
The PTSC-NCD scale evidence good validity and reliability indicators across different international settings.
当前的国际政策都聚焦于增强患者及其家庭在非传染性疾病（NCDs）自我护理和管理方面的自主性。鉴于其专业范围，护士是应对这一社会挑战的最佳健康专业人员。在文献中，健康指导以及信息通信技术（ICTs）的应用在这方面仍是护理实践中未得到充分利用的两种方式。鉴于目前在护士培训中使用健康指导和ICTs方面缺乏相关工具和研究，我们旨在开发一个量表，以探究护理专业学生对其指导非传染性疾病患者技能的看法以及ICTs在该领域的潜在作用。
在进行全面的文献综述后，拟定了一份初始项目清单（n = 39），并由一组国际专家进行讨论。在达成概念和结构上的共识后，创建了非传染性疾病患者指导个人与技术技能量表（PTSC - NCD量表）的预验证版本。然后，按照比顿及其同事的建议，将预验证的PTSC - NCD量表翻译成葡萄牙语、芬兰语、佛兰芒语和斯洛文尼亚语，并应用于五所欧洲大学的本科护理专业学生。通过社会科学统计软件包（版本22.0）在每个国家进行主成分分析和可靠性分析。在整个研究过程中均遵循了所有伦理假设。
874名护理专业学生参与了该研究，其中大多数为女性（71.1%），平均年龄为22.4岁（标准差 = 5.49）。在对国际背景下的数据进行分析后，出现了三个维度：以指导为中心的个人技能（F1）；改善以患者为中心护理的数字技术（F2）；以及改善关系技能的数字技术（F3）。所有维度都显示出良好的可靠性（克朗巴哈系数>.80）。
PTSC - NCD量表在不同国际背景下均显示出良好的效度和可靠性指标。
