Liu Fu-Jun, Liu Xiao-Ying, Ma Yu, Wang Wei-Lan, Li Jin-Yao
Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology,Xinjiang University Urumqi 830046, China.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2021 Feb;46(3):552-559. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20201125.601.
Polysaccharides are macromolecular compounds formed by more than 10 monosaccharide molecules linked by glycosidic bonds. Polysaccharides have a wide range of sources, high safety and low toxicity, with a variety of biological activities, such as anti-tumor, anti-virus, immune regulation, lowering blood glucose, and lowering blood lipids. Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2 DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and low inflammation. In recent years, the treatment of T2 DM with polysaccharide has become a research hotspot. Polysaccharides can not only make up for the side effects such as hypoglycemia, weight gain, gastrointestinal injury caused by long-term treatment of acarbose, biguanidine and sulfonylurea, but also play an effective role in reducing glucose by regulating glucose metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, intestinal flora, etc. In this paper, the research progress of polysaccharides in the treatment of T2 DM was reviewed. In addition, the hot spots such as the hypoglycemic activity of polysaccharides with structural modifications were summarized, providing theoretical guidance for the development of active polysaccharide hypoglycemic medicines and the further study of action mechanism.
多糖是由10个以上单糖分子通过糖苷键连接而成的大分子化合物。多糖来源广泛，安全性高、毒性低，具有多种生物活性，如抗肿瘤、抗病毒、免疫调节、降血糖和降血脂等。2型糖尿病（T2DM）是一种以高血糖、胰岛素抵抗和低度炎症为特征的慢性代谢紊乱疾病。近年来，用多糖治疗T2DM已成为研究热点。多糖不仅可以弥补长期使用阿卡波糖、双胍类和磺脲类药物治疗引起的低血糖、体重增加、胃肠道损伤等副作用，还能通过调节糖代谢、氧化应激、炎症反应、肠道菌群等对降低血糖发挥有效作用。本文综述了多糖治疗T2DM的研究进展。此外，总结了结构修饰多糖的降血糖活性等热点问题，为活性多糖降血糖药物的开发及作用机制的进一步研究提供理论指导。
