College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China.
Dongguan Institutes For Food and Drug Control, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China.
Food Funct. 2023 May 22;14(10):4490-4506. doi: 10.1039/d3fo00991b.
Unhealthy dietary pattern-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus poses a great threat to human health all over the world. Accumulating evidence has revealed that the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus is closely associated with the dysregulation of glucose metabolism and energy metabolism, serious oxidative stress, prolonged endoplasmic reticulum stress, metabolic inflammation and intestinal microbial dysbiosis. Most important of all, insulin resistance and insulin deficiency are two key factors inducing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nowadays, natural polysaccharides have gained increasing attention owing to their numerous health-promoting functions, such as hypoglycemic, energy-regulating, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and prebiotic activities. Therefore, natural polysaccharides have been used to alleviate diet-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus. Specifically, this review comprehensively summarizes the underlying hypoglycemic mechanisms of natural polysaccharides and provides a theoretical basis for the development of functional foods. For the first time, this review elucidates hypoglycemic mechanisms of natural polysaccharides from the perspectives of their regulatory effects on glucose metabolism, insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction.
不健康的饮食模式导致的 2 型糖尿病在全球范围内对人类健康构成了巨大威胁。越来越多的证据表明，2 型糖尿病的病理生理学与葡萄糖代谢和能量代谢的失调、严重的氧化应激、内质网应激的延长、代谢性炎症和肠道微生物失调密切相关。最重要的是，胰岛素抵抗和胰岛素缺乏是导致 2 型糖尿病的两个关键因素。如今，由于天然多糖具有许多促进健康的功能，如降血糖、调节能量、抗氧化、抗炎和益生元活性，因此越来越受到关注。因此，天然多糖已被用于缓解饮食诱导的 2 型糖尿病。具体来说，本综述全面总结了天然多糖的潜在降血糖机制，并为功能性食品的开发提供了理论依据。本文首次从调节葡萄糖代谢、胰岛素抵抗和线粒体功能障碍的角度阐述了天然多糖的降血糖机制。
