Zhang Jin, Li Xiu-Min, Miao Ming-San
Henan University of Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou 450046,China.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2021 Feb;46(4):786-791. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20200917.602.
The incidence of heart failure has increased year by year, with a negative impact on quality of life and life expectancy of patients. Reproduction of animal models that meet the characteristics of clinical symptoms is a prerequisite for conducting experimental studies relating to heart failure. Based on the characteristics of clinical symptoms of heart failure in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and Western medicine, the existing common animal models of heart failure were explored, and the clinical anastomosis of the existing animal models was analyzed based on the clinical diagnostic criteria of heart failure in TCM and Western medicine. After analysis and comparison, it can be seen that the existing modeling methods are mostly single-factor animal models, with certain gaps between the characteristics of clinical multi-factors and interactions that jointly lead to heart failure, and the modeling methods were mostly guided by Western medicine, with a lack of TCM pathogenic factors in the model process, which is different from the clinical diagnostic criteria of Chinese and Western medicine for heart failure. In terms of syndrome differentiation, heart failure is classified into heart and lung Qi deficiency syndrome, Qi and Yin deficiency syndrome, heart and kidney Yang deficiency syndrome, Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome, Yang deficiency and water flooding syndrome, phlegm-drinking obstructive lung syndrome, Yin and yang exhausted syndrome. The existing animal models mostly confused them, with no effective and recognized method for modeling at present. There are major limitations in studies of Chinese medicine. Therefore, based on clinical characteristics of heart failure in Chinese and Western medicine, this article analyzed the existing animal models, defined their advantages and disadvantages and application prospects, and then suggested further improving the corresponding animal models of heart failure and standardizing the model evaluation, so as to improve the clinical coincidence between animal models and Chinese and Western medicine, make heart failure animal models better serve scientific studies, and promote relevant mechanism studies, pathological change studies and drug screening.
心力衰竭的发病率逐年上升，对患者的生活质量和预期寿命产生负面影响。复制符合临床症状特征的动物模型是开展心力衰竭相关实验研究的前提。基于中医和西医心力衰竭的临床症状特点，探讨了现有的常见心力衰竭动物模型，并依据中医和西医心力衰竭的临床诊断标准分析了现有动物模型与临床的吻合度。经分析比较可知，现有建模方法多为单因素动物模型，与共同导致心力衰竭的临床多因素及相互作用的特点存在一定差距，且建模方法多以西医为导向，模型构建过程中缺乏中医致病因素，这与中西医对心力衰竭的临床诊断标准有所不同。在辨证方面，心力衰竭分为心肺气虚证、气阴两虚证、心肾阳虚证、气虚血瘀证、阳虚水泛证、痰饮阻肺证、阴阳俱脱证。现有动物模型大多将其混淆，目前尚无有效且公认的建模方法。中医研究存在较大局限性。因此，本文基于中西医心力衰竭的临床特点，分析了现有动物模型，明确了其优缺点及应用前景，进而提出进一步完善相应的心力衰竭动物模型并规范模型评价，以提高动物模型与中西医的临床契合度，使心力衰竭动物模型更好地服务于科学研究，推动相关机制研究、病理变化研究及药物筛选。
