Veterinary Public Health, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences at the Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK.
Vet Med Sci. 2021 Jul;7(4):1254-1262. doi: 10.1002/vms3.453. Epub 2021 Mar 1.
The study was conducted from June to August 2014 in Isiolo Central division of Isiolo Sub-County and Sericho division of Garbatulla Sub-County and comprised two components: (i) a cross-sectional study on the milk-handling hygiene practices, where milk traders' households were the study units and (ii) a case-control study on the risk factors for Brucella spp. infection in humans. Results of the cross-sectional study showed that 26.74% of the respondents never washed their hands before milking, 60.47% never washed the udder before milking and 54.65% never withhold consumption of milk from animals under treatment with antibiotics. The case-control study included household units with previous cases of brucellosis (53.33%) and those without (46.67%) over the previous 5 years and identified drinking of raw milk as the main risk factor for infection (OR = 26.44; 95% CI: 8.04-86.99). Pastoralists' unhygienic handling of milk from production to market is suboptimal and this is due to poor knowledge on hygienic practices, poor knowledge on the risks associated with poor milk hygiene and lack of sufficient and potable water for cleaning of milk containers. Many pastoralists still consume milk raw and this is a major public health risk for milk-borne diseases.
本研究于 2014 年 6 月至 8 月在伊西奥洛中央分区和加拉布塔拉分区的伊西奥洛县进行，包括两个部分：（i）一项横断面研究，研究牛奶处理卫生实践，以牛奶贸易商的家庭为研究单位；（ii）一项布鲁氏菌属感染人类危险因素的病例对照研究。横断面研究结果表明，26.74%的受访者在挤奶前从不洗手，60.47%从不在挤奶前清洗乳房，54.65%从不禁止正在接受抗生素治疗的动物的牛奶消费。病例对照研究包括过去 5 年内有布鲁氏菌病病例的家庭单位（53.33%）和无病例的家庭单位（46.67%），并确定饮用生奶是感染的主要危险因素（OR=26.44；95%CI：8.04-86.99）。牧民从生产到市场对牛奶的不卫生处理是不理想的，这是由于对卫生实践的知识不足，对与不良牛奶卫生相关的风险的知识不足，以及缺乏清洁奶容器的充足和饮用水。许多牧民仍然饮用生牛奶，这对牛奶传播疾病是一个主要的公共卫生风险。
