Kalha Curran, Fernando Nathalie K, Bhatt Prajna, Johansson Fredrik O L, Lindblad Andreas, Rensmo Håkan, Medina León Zendejas, Lindblad Rebecka, Siol Sebastian, Jeurgens Lars P H, Cancellieri Claudia, Rossnagel Kai, Medjanik Katerina, Schönhense Gerd, Simon Marc, Gray Alexander X, Nemšák Slavomír, Lömker Patrick, Schlueter Christoph, Regoutz Anna
Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom.
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
J Phys Condens Matter. 2021 May 13;33(23). doi: 10.1088/1361-648X/abeacd.
Hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) is establishing itself as an essential technique for the characterisation of materials. The number of specialised photoelectron spectroscopy techniques making use of hard x-rays is steadily increasing and ever more complex experimental designs enable truly transformative insights into the chemical, electronic, magnetic, and structural nature of materials. This paper begins with a short historic perspective of HAXPES and spans from developments in the early days of photoelectron spectroscopy to provide an understanding of the origin and initial development of the technique to state-of-the-art instrumentation and experimental capabilities. The main motivation for and focus of this paper is to provide a picture of the technique in 2020, including a detailed overview of available experimental systems worldwide and insights into a range of specific measurement modi and approaches. We also aim to provide a glimpse into the future of the technique including possible developments and opportunities.
硬X射线光电子能谱（HAXPES）正在成为材料表征的一项重要技术。利用硬X射线的专业光电子能谱技术数量在稳步增加，越来越复杂的实验设计能够真正对材料的化学、电子、磁性和结构性质产生变革性的见解。本文首先对HAXPES进行简短的历史回顾，涵盖从光电子能谱早期的发展，以了解该技术的起源和初步发展，到最先进的仪器设备和实验能力。本文的主要动机和重点是呈现2020年该技术的情况，包括对全球现有实验系统的详细概述以及对一系列特定测量模式和方法的见解。我们还旨在展望该技术的未来，包括可能的发展和机遇。
