Loosli Sandra V, Schmidt Luisa, Nübling Georg, Wlasich Elisabeth, Prix Catharina, Danek Adrian, Levin Johannes
Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München.
Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, Standort München.
Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr. 2021 Sep;89(9):433-444. doi: 10.1055/a-1362-9868. Epub 2021 Mar 1.
Down's syndrome is the most frequent genetic cause of intellectual disability. As the risk for developing Alzheimer's disease is increased in Down's syndrome, comprehensive cognitive examination is essential, both in young adults (for baseline evaluation), as well as later for diagnosing dementia. So far, there are only a few recommendations for neuropsychological assessment in Down's syndrome. Here, we review (1) the development of cognition across the life span, (2) various causes of cognitive change in adults with Down's syndrome, and (3) procedures available for their evaluation. Furthermore, (4) we provide recommendations for the assessment and interpretation of diagnostic findings in adults with intellectual disabilities. We conclude with recommendations for cognitive assessment in intellectual disability in general.
唐氏综合征是导致智力残疾最常见的遗传原因。由于唐氏综合征患者患阿尔茨海默病的风险增加，因此全面的认知检查至关重要，这对于年轻人（用于基线评估）以及后期诊断痴呆症都很有必要。到目前为止，关于唐氏综合征神经心理学评估的建议很少。在此，我们回顾（1）整个生命周期认知能力的发展，（2）唐氏综合征成年患者认知变化的各种原因，以及（3）可供评估的程序。此外，（4）我们为智力残疾成年患者诊断结果的评估和解读提供建议。我们最后给出了关于一般智力残疾认知评估的建议。
