Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy.
Methods Mol Biol. 2021;2292:57-72. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1354-2_6.
Liquid biopsy is gaining importance in the context of analysis of circulating subcellular components, such as exosomes and nucleic acids, and the investigation of biological fluids is increasing because they express features common to the tissue of origin. Particularly, urine has become one of the most attractive biofluids in clinical practice due to its easy collection approach, its availability of large quantities, and its noninvasiveness. Furthermore, a peculiarity is that, compared to serum or plasma, urine is characterized by a simpler composition that improves isolation and identification of biomarkers. Recent studies have been associated with the investigation of mRNAs and microRNAs as potential noninvasive cancer biomarkers in urine, and to date, several approaches for isolating and measuring urinary nucleic acids have been established, despite still developing. This chapter aims at giving some main published evidences on urinary microRNAs and mRNAs, with the intent to consider their potential translational use in clinical practice.
液体活检在分析循环细胞成分（如外泌体和核酸）方面的重要性日益增加，对生物体液的研究也在增加，因为它们表达与起源组织共同的特征。特别是，由于尿液采集方便、可获得大量尿液且具有非侵入性，因此已成为临床实践中最有吸引力的生物流体之一。此外，与血清或血浆相比，尿液的一个特点是其组成更简单，这有助于生物标志物的分离和鉴定。最近的研究已经涉及到尿液中 mRNA 和 microRNAs 作为潜在的非侵入性癌症生物标志物的研究，迄今为止，已经建立了几种分离和测量尿液核酸的方法，尽管这些方法仍在发展中。本章旨在提供关于尿 microRNAs 和 mRNAs 的一些主要已发表证据，旨在考虑它们在临床实践中的潜在转化应用。
