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细胞外囊泡中的微小RNA：分选机制、诊断价值、分离及检测技术

MicroRNAs in extracellular vesicles: Sorting mechanisms, diagnostic value, isolation, and detection technology.

作者信息

Xu Dongjie, Di Kaili, Fan Boyue, Wu Jie, Gu Xinrui, Sun Yifan, Khan Adeel, Li Peng, Li Zhiyang

机构信息

College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.

Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.

出版信息

Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2022 Oct 17;10:948959. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.948959. eCollection 2022.

DOI:10.3389/fbioe.2022.948959
PMID:36324901
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9618890/
Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short, single-stranded, noncoding RNAs, with a length of about 18-22 nucleotides. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are derived from cells and play a vital role in the development of diseases and can be used as biomarkers for liquid biopsy, as they are the carriers of miRNA. Existing studies have found that most of the functions of miRNA are mainly realized through intercellular transmission of EVs, which can protect and sort miRNAs. Meanwhile, detection sensitivity and specificity of EV-derived miRNA are higher than those of conventional serum biomarkers. In recent years, EVs have been expected to become a new marker for liquid biopsy. This review summarizes recent progress in several aspects of EVs, including sorting mechanisms, diagnostic value, and technology for isolation of EVs and detection of EV-derived miRNAs. In addition, the study reviews challenges and future research avenues in the field of EVs, providing a basis for the application of EV-derived miRNAs as a disease marker to be used in clinical diagnosis and even for the development of point-of-care testing (POCT) platforms.

摘要

微小RNA（miRNA）是一类短的单链非编码RNA，长度约为18 - 22个核苷酸。细胞外囊泡（EV）源自细胞，在疾病发展中起重要作用，并且由于它们是miRNA的载体，可作为液体活检的生物标志物。现有研究发现，miRNA的大多数功能主要通过EV的细胞间传递来实现，EV可以保护和分选miRNA。同时，EV衍生的miRNA的检测灵敏度和特异性高于传统血清生物标志物。近年来，EV有望成为液体活检的新标志物。本文综述了EV在几个方面的最新进展，包括分选机制、诊断价值以及EV的分离技术和EV衍生miRNA的检测。此外，该研究还综述了EV领域的挑战和未来研究方向，为将EV衍生的miRNA用作疾病标志物应用于临床诊断乃至即时检测（POCT）平台的开发提供依据。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d7dd/9618890/53f3ec1575d0/fbioe-10-948959-g009.jpg
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https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d7dd/9618890/5718bd30e0a7/fbioe-10-948959-g008.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d7dd/9618890/53f3ec1575d0/fbioe-10-948959-g009.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d7dd/9618890/4bafa6c289cb/fbioe-10-948959-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d7dd/9618890/1c18afec6e22/fbioe-10-948959-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d7dd/9618890/d1f54dacfc95/fbioe-10-948959-g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d7dd/9618890/5e57db1898e8/fbioe-10-948959-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d7dd/9618890/5d33b18779fc/fbioe-10-948959-g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d7dd/9618890/15995b8e4ac6/fbioe-10-948959-g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d7dd/9618890/f7e4fe663921/fbioe-10-948959-g007.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d7dd/9618890/5718bd30e0a7/fbioe-10-948959-g008.jpg
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