National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
Curr Opin Virol. 2021 Apr;47:86-94. doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2021.02.002. Epub 2021 Feb 27.
Viruses are ubiquitous, essential components of any ecosystem, and of multicellular organism holobionts. Numerous viruses cause acute infection, killing the host or being cleared by immune system. In many other cases, viruses coexist with the host as symbionts, either temporarily or for the duration of the host's life. Apparently, virus-host relationships span the entire range from aggressive parasitism to mutualism. Here we attempt to delineate the healthy human virome, that is, the entirety of viruses that are present in a healthy human body. The bulk of the healthy virome consists of bacteriophages infecting bacteria in the intestine and other locations. However, a variety of viruses, such as anelloviruses and herpesviruses, and the numerous endogenous retroviruses, persist by replicating in human cells, and these are our primary focus. Crucially, the boundary between symbiotic and pathogenic viruses is fluid such that members of the healthy virome can become pathogens under changing conditions.
病毒无处不在，是任何生态系统和多细胞生物体共生体的重要组成部分。许多病毒会引起急性感染，导致宿主死亡或被免疫系统清除。在许多其他情况下，病毒作为共生体与宿主共存，无论是暂时的还是宿主生命的整个过程。显然，病毒-宿主关系涵盖了从侵略性寄生到互利共生的整个范围。在这里，我们试图描绘健康人体的病毒组，即存在于健康人体中的所有病毒。健康病毒组的大部分由感染肠道和其他部位细菌的噬菌体组成。然而，各种病毒，如细小病毒和疱疹病毒，以及众多内源性逆转录病毒，通过在人类细胞中复制而持续存在，这是我们的主要关注点。至关重要的是，共生和致病病毒之间的界限是流动的，因此健康病毒组的成员在条件变化时可能成为病原体。
