Joos Raphaela, Boucher Katy, Lavelle Aonghus, Arumugam Manimozhiyan, Blaser Martin J, Claesson Marcus J, Clarke Gerard, Cotter Paul D, De Sordi Luisa, Dominguez-Bello Maria G, Dutilh Bas E, Ehrlich Stanislav D, Ghosh Tarini Shankar, Hill Colin, Junot Christophe, Lahti Leo, Lawley Trevor D, Licht Tine R, Maguin Emmanuelle, Makhalanyane Thulani P, Marchesi Julian R, Matthijnssens Jelle, Raes Jeroen, Ravel Jacques, Salonen Anne, Scanlan Pauline D, Shkoporov Andrey, Stanton Catherine, Thiele Ines, Tolstoy Igor, Walter Jens, Yang Bo, Yutin Natalia, Zhernakova Alexandra, Zwart Hub, Doré Joël, Ross R Paul
APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
Nat Rev Microbiol. 2025 Mar;23(3):192-205. doi: 10.1038/s41579-024-01107-0. Epub 2024 Oct 23.
Human microbiomes are essential to health throughout the lifespan and are increasingly recognized and studied for their roles in metabolic, immunological and neurological processes. Although the full complexity of these microbial communities is not fully understood, their clinical and industrial exploitation is well advanced and expanding, needing greater oversight guided by a consensus from the research community. One of the most controversial issues in microbiome research is the definition of a 'healthy' human microbiome. This concept is complicated by the microbial variability over different spatial and temporal scales along with the challenge of applying a unified definition to the spectrum of healthy microbiome configurations. In this Perspective, we examine the progress made and the key gaps that remain to be addressed to fully harness the benefits of the human microbiome. We propose a road map to expand our knowledge of the microbiome-health relationship, incorporating epidemiological approaches informed by the unique ecological characteristics of these communities.
人类微生物群在整个生命周期中对健康至关重要，并且其在代谢、免疫和神经过程中的作用越来越受到认可和研究。尽管这些微生物群落的全部复杂性尚未完全被理解，但其临床和工业应用已经取得了很大进展且仍在不断扩展，需要在研究界共识的指导下进行更严格的监督。微生物组研究中最具争议的问题之一是 “健康” 人类微生物组的定义。由于微生物在不同空间和时间尺度上的变异性，以及将统一定义应用于健康微生物组配置谱的挑战，这一概念变得复杂。在这篇观点文章中，我们审视了已取得的进展以及为充分利用人类微生物组的益处仍有待解决的关键差距。我们提出了一个路线图，以扩展我们对微生物组与健康关系的认识，纳入受这些群落独特生态特征启发的流行病学方法。
