Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Nutrition & Dietetics Programme, School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16100, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
BMC Geriatr. 2021 Mar 2;21(1):154. doi: 10.1186/s12877-021-02103-2.
Falls incidence rate and comprehensive data on factors that predict occasional and repeated falls from large population-based studies are scarce. In this study, we aimed to determine the incidence of falls and identify predictors of occasional and recurrent falls. This was done in the social, medical, physical, nutritional, biochemical, cognitive dimensions among community-dwelling older Malaysians.
Data from 1,763 Malaysian community-dwelling older persons aged ≥ 60 years were obtained from the LRGS-TUA longitudinal study. Participants were categorized into three groups according to the presence of a single fall (occasional fallers), ≥two falls (recurrent fallers), or absence of falls (non-fallers) at an 18-month follow-up.
Three hundred and nine (17.53 %) participants reported fall occurrences at an 18-month follow-up, of whom 85 (27.51 %) had two or more falls. The incidence rate for occasional and recurrent falls was 8.47 and 3.21 per 100 person-years, respectively. Following multifactorial adjustments, being female (OR: 1.57; 95 % CI: 1.04-2.36), being single (OR: 5.31; 95 % CI: 3.36-37.48), having history of fall (OR: 1.86; 95 % CI: 1.19-2.92) higher depression scale score (OR: 1.10; 95 % CI: 1.02-1.20), lower hemoglobin levels (OR: 0.90; 95 % CI: 0.81-1.00) and lower chair stand test score (OR: 0.93; 95 % CI: 0.87-1.00) remained independent predictors of occasional falls. While, having history of falls (OR: 2.74; 95 % CI: 1.45-5.19), being a stroke survivor (OR: 8.57; 95 % CI: 2.12-34.65), higher percentage of body fat (OR: 1.04; 95 % CI: 1.01-1.08) and lower chair stand test score (OR: 0.87; 95 % CI: 0.77-0.97) appeared as recurrent falls predictors.
Having history of falls and lower muscle strength were predictors for both occasional and recurrent falls among Malaysian community-dwelling older persons. Modifying these predictors may be beneficial in falls prevention and management strategies among older persons.
从大型基于人群的研究中获得的跌倒发生率和预测偶发性和复发性跌倒的综合数据很少。本研究旨在确定跌倒发生率，并确定偶发性和复发性跌倒的预测因素。这是在社会、医疗、身体、营养、生化、认知等方面对居住在社区的马来西亚老年人进行的。
从 LRGS-TUA 纵向研究中获得了 1763 名年龄≥60 岁的马来西亚社区居住的老年人的数据。根据 18 个月随访时单次跌倒（偶发性跌倒者）、≥两次跌倒（复发性跌倒者）或无跌倒（无跌倒者）的存在情况，将参与者分为三组。
309 名（17.53%）参与者在 18 个月随访时报告跌倒发生，其中 85 名（27.51%）有两次或两次以上跌倒。偶发性和复发性跌倒的发生率分别为 8.47 和 3.21/100 人年。经过多因素调整后，女性（OR：1.57；95%CI：1.04-2.36）、单身（OR：5.31；95%CI：3.36-37.48）、有跌倒史（OR：1.86；95%CI：1.19-2.92）、较高的抑郁量表评分（OR：1.10；95%CI：1.02-1.20）、较低的血红蛋白水平（OR：0.90；95%CI：0.81-1.00）和较低的椅站测试评分（OR：0.93；95%CI：0.87-1.00）仍然是偶发性跌倒的独立预测因素。而有跌倒史（OR：2.74；95%CI：1.45-5.19）、中风幸存者（OR：8.57；95%CI：2.12-34.65）、体脂百分比较高（OR：1.04；95%CI：1.01-1.08）和较低的椅站测试评分（OR：0.87；95%CI：0.77-0.97）是复发性跌倒的预测因素。
有跌倒史和较低的肌肉力量是马来西亚社区居住的老年人偶发性和复发性跌倒的预测因素。改变这些预测因素可能有益于老年人的跌倒预防和管理策略。
