In respond to commensal bacteria: γδT cells play a pleiotropic role in tumor immunity.

γδT cells are a mixture of innate programming and acquired adaptability that bridge the adaptive and innate immune systems. γδT cells are mainly classified as tissue-resident Vδ1 or circulating Vδ2 γδT cells. In the tumor microenvironment, tumor immunity is influenced by the increased quantity and phenotype plasticity of γδT cells. Commensal bacteria are ubiquitous in the human body, and they have been confirmed to exist in various tumor tissues. With the participation of commensal bacteria, γδT cells maintain homeostasis and are activated to affect the development and progression of tumors. Here, we summarize the relationship between γδT cells and commensal bacteria, the potential protumor and antitumor effects underlying γδT cells, and the new developments in γδT cell-based tumor therapy which is expected to open new opportunities for tumor immunotherapy.