Wassie Addisu Yeshambel, Anmut Walellign
Department of Midwifery, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia.
Int J Womens Health. 2021 Feb 22;13:231-237. doi: 10.2147/IJWH.S298463. eCollection 2021.
Eclamptic disorder during pregnancy is one of the common problems in sub-Saharan countries and forms one of the deadly triads along with hemorrhage and infection which complicates feto-maternal outcomes of pregnancy. So, the purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of eclampsia and its maternal and fetal outcome in Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa Ethiopia, 2019.
A descriptive retrospective cross-sectional study was employed on a review of all cases of women who were delivered at Gandhi memorial Hospital from 1st of September 2017 to -last of August 2018. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 software. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate frequencies and percentages and data was presented using texts and, tables.
Out of the total deliveries, the prevalence of eclampsia was found to be 6.2%. In our experience of a very high rate of eclampsia, fortunately, we had only 3 maternal deaths out of the total cases. However, neonatal mortality and stillbirths had been extremely high: 41 (22.1%) of stillbirths and 30.3% neonatal deaths (a total burden of 52.4% of perinatal mortality). About 70.8% had reported a history of prior pregnancy-induced hypertension and 73.5% induced their current pregnancy following eclampsia. From mothers who required interventions to terminate the pregnancy by induction, 47.8% ended by cesarean section secondary to non-reassuring fetal status (29.2%). The majority (91.9%) had taken magnesium sulfate for the management of convulsion and 86.5% had taken hydralazine for hypertension management. Abruption of the placenta (96.2%), postpartum-hemorrhage (89.2%), and HELLP syndrome (83.8%) were major maternal adverse outcomes reported, and 22.1% of pregnancy was ended as stillbirth. Over 53.6% of delivered babies, 18.4% of neonates required admission to nursery/NICU referral.
The prevalence of eclampsia was relatively high, with corresponding high maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Increasing early detection before pregnancy, antenatal screening, and the use of magnesium sulfate to control convulsions will reduce the disorder and associated morbidity and mortality for both mother and fetus.
妊娠子痫是撒哈拉以南国家常见的问题之一，是导致孕产妇死亡的三大主要原因之一，与出血和感染一同使孕产妇和胎儿的妊娠结局复杂化。因此，本研究的目的是评估2019年埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴甘地纪念医院子痫的患病率及其孕产妇和胎儿结局。
采用描述性回顾性横断面研究，对2017年9月1日至2018年8月最后一天在甘地纪念医院分娩的所有女性病例进行回顾。使用SPSS 25版软件进行数据分析。描述性统计用于计算频率和百分比，数据用文字和表格呈现。
在所有分娩病例中，子痫的患病率为6.2%。在我们经历的子痫高发病率中，幸运的是，在所有病例中仅有3例孕产妇死亡。然而，新生儿死亡率和死产率极高：死产41例（22.1%），新生儿死亡率为30.3%（围产期总死亡率负担为52.4%）。约70.8%的患者有既往妊娠高血压病史，73.5%的患者在子痫后引产。在因引产而需要干预终止妊娠的母亲中，47.8%因胎儿状况不佳而进行剖宫产（29.2%）。大多数（91.9%）患者使用硫酸镁治疗惊厥，86.5%患者使用肼屈嗪治疗高血压。主要的孕产妇不良结局包括胎盘早剥（96.2%）、产后出血（89.2%）和HELLP综合征（83.8%），22.1%的妊娠以死产告终。超过53.6%的分娩婴儿中，18.4%的新生儿需要入住新生儿重症监护室/新生儿重症监护病房。
子痫的患病率相对较高，孕产妇和围产期发病率及死亡率也相应较高。增加孕前早期检测、产前筛查以及使用硫酸镁控制惊厥将减少该疾病以及母婴相关的发病率和死亡率。
