Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, Liverpool, L69 7ZA, UK.
Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, Liverpool, L69 7ZA, UK.
Appetite. 2021 Jul 1;162:105173. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105173. Epub 2021 Feb 28.
Acute alcohol consumption has been shown to increase food intake, and long-term alcohol consumption may be a risk for weight gain. A potential, but under-studied, mechanism for this effect is alcohol's ability to enhance food reward. In two studies, participants consumed an alcoholic drink (Study 1: 0.3 grams of alcohol per kilogram of bodyweight (g/kg); Study 2: 0.6 g/kg) and a placebo-alcohol drink in a within-subjects design. In both studies, food-related appetitive and motivational states, and attentional bias (AB) towards food-related cues were measured. In Study 1 (N = 44), participants completed a visual probe task with concurrent recording of eye-movements which measured AB towards images of palatable foods, unpalatable foods, and non-food control items. Participants also completed measures of appetite and snack urge ratings, salivary response towards palatable foods and an ad libitum food taste test. In Study 2 (N = 84), participants completed a similar procedure, but completed a modified Stroop task which measured differences in food-related and alcohol-related AB across the two drink conditions. In Study 1, there was no difference in food-related AB between drink conditions, and no differences in snack urge, appetite ratings, salivary response, or food intake. In contrast, Study 2 showed an alcohol-induced increase in AB towards food, but not alcohol. Snack urge, alcohol urge ratings and ad libitum food intake were also higher after alcohol consumption, relative to the placebo. Collectively, these findings suggest that alcohol can increase food reward and food intake, but these effects may only occur at a higher dose.
急性饮酒已被证明会增加食物摄入量，而长期饮酒可能是体重增加的风险因素。这种效应的一个潜在但研究不足的机制是酒精增强食物奖励的能力。在两项研究中，参与者以自身为对照分别饮用含酒精饮料（研究 1：0.3 克酒精/公斤体重（g/kg）；研究 2：0.6 g/kg）和安慰剂酒精饮料。在这两项研究中，均测量了与食物相关的食欲和动机状态，以及对食物相关线索的注意力偏差（AB）。在研究 1（N=44）中，参与者在进行视觉探测任务的同时记录眼球运动，该任务测量了对美味食物、难吃食物和非食物控制物品的 AB。参与者还完成了食欲和小吃冲动评分、对美味食物的唾液反应以及随意食物品尝测试。在研究 2（N=84）中，参与者完成了类似的程序，但完成了一项修改后的 Stroop 任务，该任务测量了两种饮料条件下与食物和酒精相关的 AB 差异。在研究 1 中，两种饮料条件下的食物相关 AB 没有差异，小吃冲动、食欲评分、唾液反应或食物摄入量也没有差异。相比之下，研究 2 显示酒精会增加对食物的 AB，但不会增加对酒精的 AB。与安慰剂相比，酒精摄入后，小吃冲动、酒精冲动评分和随意食物摄入量也更高。总的来说，这些发现表明酒精可以增加食物奖励和食物摄入量，但这些效应可能仅在更高剂量下发生。
