Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Civil Engineering Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
Waste Manag Res. 2022 Feb;40(2):165-173. doi: 10.1177/0734242X21994656. Epub 2021 Mar 3.
The Syrian civil war, which broke out in 2011, caused the displacement of more than one million refugees to Jordan. Most of them settled in the Northern Govenorates of Jordan. Due to this, the local services and infrastructures of the hosting communities, in particular the solid waste management (SWM), were put under great pressure. The aim of this study is to evaluate how the off-camp refugees impacted the SWM in the Greater Irbid Municipality (GIM; in the Irbid Governorate), both quantitatively and qualitatively. Data and results obtained from the studies carried out before the Syrian crisis are compared with data collected by the authors in 2016 using similar or comparable methodologies. Moreover, local citizen perceptions of and satisfaction with the solid waste (SW) service level were assessed. A deterioration of the SWM in GIM between 2011 and 2016 was observed in terms of service performance indicators (e.g., an increase of SW collection and transportation costs by 2.5 times and of fines for improper SW disposal by 2.2 times) and of citizens' views (a decline in SWM quality was felt by 59% of the respondents). An attempt to cope with this situation has been made in recent years with international donors mobilizing efforts and resources to enable municipalities to meet the growing demand in basic SW services. There is however, still much to be done.
叙利亚内战于 2011 年爆发，导致超过 100 万难民涌入约旦。他们中的大多数人在约旦北部省份定居。因此，收容社区的当地服务和基础设施，特别是固体废物管理（SWM），承受了巨大的压力。本研究旨在评估难民营外的难民对伊尔比德市（GIM；在伊尔比德省）的 SWM 产生的影响，无论是在数量上还是在质量上。与 2016 年作者使用类似或可比方法收集的数据进行比较，比较了在叙利亚危机之前进行的研究中获得的数据和结果。此外，还评估了当地公民对固体废物（SW）服务水平的看法和满意度。在 2011 年至 2016 年间，GIM 的 SWM 在服务绩效指标方面出现了恶化（例如，SW 收集和运输成本增加了 2.5 倍，对不当 SW 处理的罚款增加了 2.2 倍），以及公民的看法（59%的受访者感到 SWM 质量下降）。近年来，国际捐助者动员了努力和资源，使各城市能够满足基本 SW 服务不断增长的需求，试图应对这种情况。然而，仍有许多工作要做。
