Ma Mingming, Li Yingchun, Xue Cheng, Xiong Wei, Peng Zhengping, Han Xue, Ju Hui, He Yong
Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
College of Resources and Environmental Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2021 Feb 15;12:638525. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.638525. eCollection 2021.
Processing quality of winter-wheat is affected by genotype, environmental conditions, and crop husbandry practices. In the present study, a data set of 17 quality-related traits for 211 main winter-wheat varieties in China during 2006 to 2018 was extracted from China Wheat Quality Report. Analysis was carried out to evaluate the quality status and variations, to reveal correlation between quality-related traits, as well as to identify key influencing factors. Results indicated that the quality indicators of medium-gluten or medium-strong-gluten wheat varieties were acceptable, whereas those of weak- and strong-gluten wheat varieties were far below national standard, especially hardness index (HI), crude protein content (CPC), wet gluten content (WG), and water absorption for weak-gluten wheat and sedimentation value (SV), stability time (ST), and stretch area (SA) for strong-gluten wheat, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that WA, WG, development time, HI, CPC, falling number, ST, and tractility directly affected the overall quality of winter-wheat. CPC, SV, and WG in medium-gluten wheat had no significant correlation with the processing quality of noodles score, whereas gluten index significantly correlated with noodle score ( < 0.001). This implied that protein quality might play a more important role than protein quantity in determining medium-gluten wheat quality. Furthermore, analysis of variance showed that genetic characteristics (cultivars) had significant influences on the restriction indexes (SV, ST, and SA) of strong-gluten wheat, whereas genetic characteristics, environment conditions, and crop growing practices (cultivars, locations, and years) significantly affected the restriction indexes (HI, CPC, WG, and WA) of weak-gluten wheat. The results suggest that improvement of Chinese strong-gluten wheat should mainly focus on cultivating new varieties. As to weak-gluten wheat, cultivation and husbandry practices should be paid more attention to limit undesired high grain protein content.
冬小麦的加工品质受基因型、环境条件和栽培管理措施的影响。在本研究中，从《中国小麦品质报告》中提取了2006年至2018年期间中国211个主要冬小麦品种的17个品质相关性状的数据集。进行分析以评估品质状况和变异，揭示品质相关性状之间的相关性，并确定关键影响因素。结果表明，中筋或中强筋小麦品种的品质指标尚可，而弱筋和强筋小麦品种的品质指标远低于国家标准，尤其是弱筋小麦的硬度指数（HI）、粗蛋白含量（CPC）、湿面筋含量（WG）和吸水率，以及强筋小麦的沉降值（SV）、稳定时间（ST）和拉伸面积（SA）。相关性分析表明，吸水率（WA）、湿面筋含量（WG）、发育时间、硬度指数（HI）、粗蛋白含量（CPC）、降落数值、稳定时间（ST）和延展性直接影响冬小麦的整体品质。中筋小麦中的粗蛋白含量（CPC）、沉降值（SV）和湿面筋含量（WG）与面条评分的加工品质无显著相关性，而面筋指数与面条评分显著相关（<0.001）。这意味着在决定中筋小麦品质方面，蛋白质质量可能比蛋白质数量发挥更重要的作用。此外，方差分析表明，遗传特性（品种）对强筋小麦的限制指标（沉降值、稳定时间和拉伸面积）有显著影响，而遗传特性、环境条件和作物种植措施（品种、地点和年份）对弱筋小麦的限制指标（硬度指数、粗蛋白含量、湿面筋含量和吸水率）有显著影响。结果表明，中国强筋小麦的改良应主要侧重于培育新品种。对于弱筋小麦，应更加注重栽培和管理措施，以限制籽粒蛋白质含量过高。
