Vishnyakova M A, Kushnareva A V, Shelenga T V, Egorova G P
Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), St. Petersburg, Russia.
Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii. 2020 Oct;24(6):625-635. doi: 10.18699/VJ20.656.
Narrow-leaved lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.), a valuable leguminous crop adapted to a wide range of climatic conditions, has a very short history of domestication. For many centuries it was used mainly as a green manure, since the success and prospects of the multi-purpose use of the species depend on its breeding improvement, in particular, on a particular concentration of alkaloids in seeds and green mass. The first varieties of scientific breeding were created only in the 1930s after the appearance of low-alkaloid mutants. Despite wide prospects for use in various areas of the national economy, unstable productivity and susceptibility to diseases hinder the production of this crop. Obviously, breeders deal only with a small part of the gene pool of the species and limited genetic resources, using mainly low-alkaloid (sweet) genotypes to create new varieties. The genetic potential of the species can be used more efficiently. At the same time, it is rational to create highly alkaloid (bitter) varieties for green manure, while food and feed varieties should not lose their adaptive potential, in particular, resistance to pathogens, due to the elimination of alkaloids. In this regard, it seems to be a productive idea to create 'bitter/sweet' varieties combining a high content of alkaloids in the vegetative organs and low in seeds, which can be achieved by regulating the synthesis/transport of alkaloids in the plant. The paper discusses the current state of use of the species as a green manure, fodder, food plant. Information is given on the quantity and qualitative composition of narrow-leaved lupine alkaloids, their applied value, in particular, fungicidal, antibacterial, insecticidal, the use of lupine alkaloids as active principles of drugs. Along with promising breeding considerations, the possibility of using technologies for processing raw high-alkaloid materials with the accompanying extraction of valuable ingredients for pharmaceuticals is discussed. Information is briefly presented about the genomic resources of the species and the prospects for their use in marker-assistant selection and genome editing.
窄叶羽扇豆（Lupinus angustifolius L.）是一种适应广泛气候条件的重要豆科作物，其驯化历史非常短暂。几个世纪以来，它主要被用作绿肥，因为该物种多用途利用的成功与前景取决于其育种改良，特别是种子和绿色植株中生物碱的特定浓度。直到20世纪30年代出现低生物碱突变体后，才培育出第一批科学育种品种。尽管在国民经济的各个领域有广泛的应用前景，但生产力不稳定和易染病阻碍了这种作物的生产。显然，育种者仅涉及该物种基因库的一小部分和有限的遗传资源，主要利用低生物碱（甜）基因型来培育新品种。该物种的遗传潜力可以得到更有效的利用。与此同时，培育高生物碱（苦）的绿肥品种是合理的，而食品和饲料品种不应因去除生物碱而失去其适应潜力，特别是对病原体的抗性。在这方面，培育“苦/甜”品种似乎是一个有效的想法，即营养器官中生物碱含量高而种子中含量低，这可以通过调节植物中生物碱的合成/运输来实现。本文讨论了该物种作为绿肥、饲料、食用植物的利用现状。给出了窄叶羽扇豆生物碱的数量和质量组成、它们的应用价值，特别是杀真菌、抗菌、杀虫作用，以及羽扇豆生物碱作为药物活性成分的用途。除了有前景的育种考虑外，还讨论了利用技术加工高生物碱原料并同时提取药用有价值成分的可能性。简要介绍了该物种的基因组资源及其在标记辅助选择和基因组编辑中的应用前景。
