Department of Health Science and Human Ecology, California State University, San Bernardino, California, United States of America.
Center for Health Equity, California State University, San Bernardino, California, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2021 Mar 4;16(3):e0247812. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247812. eCollection 2021.
We addressed prevalence and factors associated with mental health outcomes (suicidal behavior and psychological distress) among Asian Americans (AA), who identify as transgender, a key group among sexual and gender minorities that is overlooked and understudied.
We used data from 2015 United States Transgender Survey during 2019-2020 with our population as census defined AA. Outcomes included suicidal ideation, suicidal thoughts, and serious psychological distress (SPD). Independent variables included any abuse, partner abuse, bathroom-related abuse, and additional covariates. Adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (aOR; 95% CI) for each outcome are adjusted for age, marital status, citizenship status, education level, employment status, as well as poverty status.
Nearly 67% reported experiencing any abuse, 52% reported abuse from romantic/sexual partner(s), while 29% reported harassment/abuse when trying to use bathrooms. Moreover, 82% reported suicidal thoughts, 40% reported suicidal attempts, and 39% had SPD. Results demonstrated that any abuse/violence had higher odds of suicidal thoughts (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.67, 95% confidence interval (CI):[1.98-3.58], suicidal attempts (aOR = 2.83, 95% CI:[2.18-3.68]), and SPD (aOR = 1.56, 95% CI:[1.20, 2.04]). Abuse from romantic/sexual partners had higher odds of suicidal thoughts (aOR = 2.47, 95% CI:[1.76-3.47]), suicidal attempts (aOR = 2.17, 95% CI:[1.68-2.80]), and SPD (aOR = 2.72, 95% CI:[2.03-3.63]). Experience of harassment/abuse during bathroom use had increased odds of suicidal attempts (aOR = 1.81, 95% CI:[1.41-2.31]).
Exposure to violence is common among AA transgender individuals and related to negative mental health outcomes. Initiatives to reduce exposure to abuse and providing resources for trauma-informed care are imperative to improve health outcomes.
我们研究了跨性别亚裔美国人（AA）心理健康结果（自杀行为和心理困扰）的流行情况和相关因素，他们是性少数群体和性别少数群体中的一个关键群体，但却被忽视和研究不足。
我们使用了 2019-2020 年期间美国 2015 年跨性别者调查的数据，我们的研究人群是人口普查定义的 AA。结果包括自杀意念、自杀念头和严重心理困扰（SPD）。自变量包括任何虐待、伴侣虐待、与浴室相关的虐待以及其他协变量。每种结果的调整后优势比和 95%置信区间（aOR；95%CI）都针对年龄、婚姻状况、公民身份、教育水平、就业状况以及贫困状况进行了调整。
近 67%的人报告经历过任何虐待，52%的人报告受到浪漫/性伴侣的虐待，而 29%的人报告在试图使用浴室时受到骚扰/虐待。此外，82%的人报告有自杀念头，40%的人报告有自杀企图，39%的人有 SPD。结果表明，任何虐待/暴力都与自杀念头（调整后的优势比[aOR] = 2.67，95%置信区间[CI]：[1.98-3.58]）、自杀企图（aOR = 2.83，95% CI：[2.18-3.68]）和 SPD（aOR = 1.56，95% CI：[1.20-2.04]）的可能性更高。来自浪漫/性伴侣的虐待更有可能导致自杀念头（aOR = 2.47，95% CI：[1.76-3.47]）、自杀企图（aOR = 2.17，95% CI：[1.68-2.80]）和 SPD（aOR = 2.72，95% CI：[2.03-3.63]）。在浴室使用过程中遭受骚扰/虐待的经历增加了自杀企图的可能性（aOR = 1.81，95% CI：[1.41-2.31]）。
在跨性别 AA 人群中，暴力暴露很常见，与负面心理健康结果相关。减少虐待暴露和提供创伤知情护理资源的举措对于改善健康结果至关重要。
