State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2022;62(18):4951-4969. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1879730. Epub 2021 Mar 5.
Mycotoxins are metabolites produced by fungi growing in food or feed, which can produce toxic effects and seriously threaten the health of humans and animals. Mycotoxins are commonly found in food and feed, and are of significant concern due to their hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and ability to damage the immune and reproductive systems. Traditional physical and chemical detoxification methods to treat mycotoxins in food and feed products have limitations, such as loss of nutrients, reagent residues, and secondary pollution to the environment. Thus, there is an urgent need for new detoxification methods to effectively control mycotoxins and treat mycotoxin pollution. In recent years, microbial detoxification technology has been widely used for the degradation of mycotoxins in food and feed because this approach offers the potential for treatment with high efficiency, low toxicity, and strong specificity, without damage to nutrients. This article reviews the application of microbial detoxification technology for removal of common mycotoxins such as Aflatoxin, Ochratoxin, Zearalenone, Deoxynivalenol, and Fumonisins, and discusses the development trend of this important technology.
真菌毒素是生长在食物或饲料中的真菌产生的代谢物，具有毒性作用，严重威胁人类和动物的健康。真菌毒素普遍存在于食物和饲料中，由于其具有肝毒性、肾毒性、致癌性、致突变性和损害免疫系统和生殖系统的能力，因此引起了极大的关注。传统的物理和化学解毒方法在处理食品和饲料产品中的真菌毒素时存在局限性，例如营养物质损失、试剂残留和对环境的二次污染。因此，迫切需要新的解毒方法来有效控制真菌毒素并处理真菌毒素污染。近年来，微生物解毒技术已广泛应用于食品和饲料中真菌毒素的降解，因为这种方法具有高效、低毒、特异性强的特点，且不会破坏营养物质。本文综述了微生物解毒技术在去除黄曲霉毒素、赭曲霉毒素、玉米赤霉烯酮、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇和伏马菌素等常见真菌毒素方面的应用，并讨论了这一重要技术的发展趋势。
