Meng Di, Xu Kai-Zhong, Hou Hong-Jian, Liu Jin-Bin, Deng Dan-Dan, Li Jun-Min, Fang Ya-Kun, Zhu Xiao-Qin, Pei Dong-Li
Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Development and Application of Characteristic Microorganism Resources, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China.
Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China.
Front Microbiol. 2025 Jul 1;16:1630165. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1630165. eCollection 2025.
Zearalenone (ZEN), a mycotoxin produced by species, is widely distributed and poses significant health risks to both animals and humans due to its toxic effects. In this study, a MF3, exhibiting high ZEN degradation capacity, was identified through comprehensive morphological, physicochemical, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and whole-genome sequencing analyses. Strain MF3 reached its peak ZEN degradation rate in BHI medium (pH 7, 30°C), with > 90% efficiency maintained across 24-72 h, 1-5% inoculum, and 10-40 μg/mL ZEN. The ZEN-degrading activity of strain MF3 was attributed to both extracellular and intracellular components, with extracellular enzymes in the fermentation supernatant playing a predominant role. LC-MS analysis identified key ZEN degradation products, including 1-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-6'-hydroxy-1'-undecen-10'-one, ZEN-P, and zearalanone. Whole-genome sequencing further revealed the presence of genes encoding α/β hydrolases and phosphotransferases, which are likely involved in the hydrolysis and phosphorylation of ZEN. Furthermore, strain MF3 demonstrated an impressive ability to remove 81.78% of ZEN from moldy corn within 12 h. This study not only identifies a highly efficient bacterial strain for ZEN biodegradation but also provides valuable insights into its degradation mechanism, offering potential applications for mycotoxin detoxification in the food and feed industries.
玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN）是由多种物种产生的一种霉菌毒素，分布广泛，因其毒性作用对动物和人类均构成重大健康风险。在本研究中，通过全面的形态学、物理化学、16S rRNA基因测序和全基因组测序分析，鉴定出了一株具有高ZEN降解能力的微生物菌株MF3。菌株MF3在BHI培养基（pH 7，30°C）中达到其ZEN降解率峰值，在接种量为1-5%、ZEN浓度为10-40μg/mL的条件下，24-72小时内降解效率保持>90%。菌株MF3的ZEN降解活性归因于细胞外和细胞内成分，发酵上清液中的细胞外酶起主要作用。液相色谱-质谱分析确定了关键的ZEN降解产物，包括1-(3,5-二羟基苯基)-6'-羟基-1'-十一碳烯-10'-酮、ZEN-P和玉米赤霉酮。全基因组测序进一步揭示了编码α/β水解酶和磷酸转移酶的基因的存在，这些基因可能参与ZEN的水解和磷酸化。此外，菌株MF3在12小时内能够从发霉玉米中去除81.78%的ZEN，表现出令人印象深刻的能力。本研究不仅鉴定出一种用于ZEN生物降解的高效菌株，还为其降解机制提供了有价值的见解，为食品和饲料行业的霉菌毒素解毒提供了潜在应用。
