Emmelkamp P M, Heeres H
University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
Int J Addict. 1988 Feb;23(2):207-16. doi: 10.3109/10826088809085116.
The parental rearing practices of 43 multiple drug addicts and 111 control subjects were compared using the EMBU, a psychometrically reliable instrument to assess parental attitudes and rearing behavior. Significant differences between addicts and controls were found on three dimensions: Rejection, Lack of Emotional Warmth, and Overprotection. The results were most striking for paternal rejection and lack of paternal emotional warmth.
使用父母教养方式评价量表（EMBU）对43名多重药物成瘾者和111名对照对象的父母养育方式进行了比较，EMBU是一种心理测量可靠的工具，用于评估父母的态度和养育行为。在三个维度上发现成瘾者和对照对象之间存在显著差异：拒绝、缺乏情感温暖和过度保护。父亲的拒绝和缺乏父亲的情感温暖结果最为显著。
