Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2021 Mar 5;16(3):e0248051. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248051. eCollection 2021.
The Mexican Axolotl is able to regenerate missing limb structures in any position along the limb axis throughout its life and serves as an excellent model to understand the basic mechanisms of endogenous regeneration. How the new pattern of the regenerating axolotl limb is established has not been completely resolved. An accumulating body of evidence indicates that pattern formation occurs in a hierarchical fashion, which consists of two different types of positional communications. The first type (Type 1) of communication occurs between connective tissue cells, which retain memory of their original pattern information and use this memory to generate the pattern of the regenerate. The second type (Type 2) of communication occurs from connective tissue cells to other cell types in the regenerate, which don't retain positional memory themselves and arrange themselves according to these positional cues. Previous studies suggest that molecules within the extracellular matrix (ECM) participate in pattern formation in developing and regenerating limbs. However, it is unclear whether these molecules play a role in Type 1 or Type 2 positional communications. Utilizing the Accessory Limb Model, a regenerative assay, and transcriptomic analyses in regenerates that have been reprogrammed by treatment with Retinoic Acid, our data indicates that the ECM likely facilities Type-2 positional communications during limb regeneration.
墨西哥蝾螈能够在其一生中沿着肢体轴的任何位置再生缺失的肢体结构，是研究内源性再生基本机制的极佳模型。新的再生蝾螈肢体模式是如何建立的尚未完全解决。越来越多的证据表明，模式形成是按照层次结构进行的，它由两种不同类型的位置通讯组成。第一种类型(Type 1)的通讯发生在结缔组织细胞之间，这些细胞保留着其原始模式信息的记忆，并利用这种记忆来生成再生的模式。第二种类型(Type 2)的通讯则是由结缔组织细胞向再生组织中的其他细胞类型进行的，这些细胞本身不保留位置记忆，而是根据这些位置线索进行排列。先前的研究表明，细胞外基质(ECM)中的分子参与了肢体发育和再生中的模式形成。然而，目前尚不清楚这些分子是否在 Type 1 或 Type 2 位置通讯中发挥作用。利用附属肢体模型、再生分析以及用维甲酸处理后再生组织的转录组分析，我们的数据表明，细胞外基质可能在肢体再生过程中促进了 Type-2 位置通讯。
