Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand.
Vet Parasitol. 2021 Mar;291:109385. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109385. Epub 2021 Feb 14.
Paramphistomosis is a pathogenic disease that occurs frequently in tropical and subtropical countries including Thailand. This disease is affected in the parasites causing severe gastrointestinal disorders and death in infected animals. In the present study, we examined the anthelmintic efficacy of albendazole (ABZ) and crude plant extracts from barks of Bombax ceiba L., Diospyros rhodocalyx Kurz. and Vitex glabrata R.Br., and leaves of Terminalia catappa L. and Cassia alata L. against Gastrothylax crumenifer. The hightest anthelmintic activity on the parasites after 24 h incubation was observed in the n-butanol extract of T. catappa leaf. In this study, fractionation bioassay of n-butanol extract of T. catappa leaf was conducted to both separation and discrimination of rutin served as a new efficient compound (LC = 28.96; LC = 88.75 μg/mL) against G. crumenifer. This compound was confirmed by H nuclear magnetic resonance (H NMR), C NMR, infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV) spectra as well as mass spectra data. The rutin-treated parasites with all dosages showed swift decrease of the motility and the relative motility (RM) and survival index (SI) were decreased obviously from 3 h until flukes were killed after 12 h of incubation. When observed with light microscopy, the parasites showed the earliest change in a limited region of the tegument. When observed by scanning electron microscopy, the parasites' tegument exhibited similar sequences of surface changes after treatments with rutin and ABZ, but less severity in ABZ treatment. The sequences of changes comprised swelling of folds and ridges, formation of blebbing, rupturing of blebs, erosions, lesions and the tegument demolition. Hence, rutin could be considered as the potential anthelmintic agent for treatment of paramphistomosis.
片形吸虫病是一种在包括泰国在内的热带和亚热带国家经常发生的致病疾病。这种疾病会影响寄生虫，导致感染动物严重的胃肠道紊乱和死亡。在本研究中，我们检查了阿苯达唑（ABZ）和粗提植物提取物对 Gastrothylax crumenifer 的驱虫效果，粗提植物提取物来自 Bombax ceiba L.、Diospyros rhodocalyx Kurz. 和 Vitex glabrata R.Br. 的树皮，以及 Terminalia catappa L. 和 Cassia alata L. 的叶子。在 24 小时孵育后，对寄生虫具有最高驱虫活性的是 T. catappa 叶的正丁醇提取物。在这项研究中，对 T. catappa 叶的正丁醇提取物进行了分步生物测定，以分离和鉴别芦丁作为一种针对 G. crumenifer 的新有效化合物（LC = 28.96；LC = 88.75 μg/mL）。该化合物通过 1 H 核磁共振（1 H NMR）、13 C 核磁共振（13 C NMR）、红外（IR）和紫外（UV）光谱以及质谱数据得到证实。用芦丁处理的寄生虫在所有剂量下都表现出运动能力迅速下降，相对运动（RM）和存活率（SI）明显下降，从 3 小时开始，到 12 小时孵育后寄生虫死亡。在光镜下观察，寄生虫的体被显示出最早的局限性变化。在扫描电子显微镜下观察，用芦丁和 ABZ 处理后，寄生虫的体被表面变化表现出相似的序列，但 ABZ 处理的严重程度较低。变化的序列包括褶皱和脊的肿胀、泡状突起的形成、泡状突起的破裂、侵蚀、损伤和体被破坏。因此，芦丁可以被认为是治疗片形吸虫病的潜在驱虫剂。
