Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Feb 24;18(5):2207. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18052207.
Physical activity (PA) may have positive effects on mental health in children and adolescents. This post hoc study aimed to further investigate the relationship between different frequency levels of PA and general mental health as well as specific hyperactivity/inattention symptoms in children and adolescents.
The analyses were based on data drawn from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) study, a regularly conducted large-scale, epidemiological investigation of somatic and mental health of children and adolescents in Germany. Parents were asked about their children's attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) records and answered questionnaires concerning any mental health problem behavior of the children and adolescents using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The overall problem score as well as the hyperactivity/inattention symptoms subscale (SDQ-H/I) were entered as outcomes in a regression model controlling for parental socio-economic status and participants' sex, age, and body mass index (BMI). Cross-sectional analyses were conducted at three time points of the KiGGS study (baseline, wave 1, and wave 2) using general linear models (GLM). This was performed for different age groups (4-5, 6-9, 10-17 years).
Significant negative relationships were found between PA and general mental health problems. For the relationship between PA and SDQ-H/I, different patterns emerged at the three time points. There was no interaction between PA frequency levels and diagnosis of ADHD (ADHD vs. non-ADHD controls) regarding the SDQ total score.
This study underlines the importance of a high frequency level of PA for a good mental health status among children and adolescents, irrespective of the diagnosis of ADHD.
身体活动（PA）可能对儿童和青少年的心理健康有积极影响。本事后分析旨在进一步研究 PA 不同频率水平与儿童和青少年一般心理健康以及特定多动/注意力不集中症状之间的关系。
分析基于德国儿童和青少年健康访谈和体检调查（KiGGS）研究的数据，该研究是一项定期进行的德国儿童和青少年身体和心理健康的大规模流行病学调查。父母被问及他们孩子的注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）记录，并使用长处和困难问卷（SDQ）回答有关孩子和青少年任何心理健康问题行为的问卷。总体问题得分以及多动/注意力不集中症状子量表（SDQ-H/I）作为因变量进入回归模型，控制父母的社会经济地位以及参与者的性别、年龄和体重指数（BMI）。使用一般线性模型（GLM）在 KiGGS 研究的三个时间点（基线、第 1 波和第 2 波）进行横断面分析。这是在不同的年龄组（4-5、6-9、10-17 岁）中进行的。
PA 与一般心理健康问题之间存在显著负相关。PA 与 SDQ-H/I 之间的关系在三个时间点呈现出不同的模式。PA 频率水平与 ADHD 诊断（ADHD 与非 ADHD 对照组）之间在 SDQ 总分上没有交互作用。
本研究强调了高频率水平的 PA 对儿童和青少年良好心理健康状态的重要性，无论 ADHD 的诊断如何。
