PanTherapeutics, CH1095 Lutry, Switzerland.
Viruses. 2021 Feb 19;13(2):317. doi: 10.3390/v13020317.
Vaccine development against SARS-CoV-2 has been fierce due to the devastating COVID-19 pandemic and has included all potential approaches for providing the global community with safe and efficient vaccine candidates in the shortest possible timeframe. Viral vectors have played a central role especially using adenovirus-based vectors. Additionally, other viral vectors based on vaccinia viruses, measles viruses, rhabdoviruses, influenza viruses and lentiviruses have been subjected to vaccine development. Self-amplifying RNA virus vectors have been utilized for lipid nanoparticle-based delivery of RNA as COVID-19 vaccines. Several adenovirus-based vaccine candidates have elicited strong immune responses in immunized animals and protection against challenges in mice and primates has been achieved. Moreover, adenovirus-based vaccine candidates have been subjected to phase I to III clinical trials. Recently, the simian adenovirus-based ChAdOx1 vector expressing the SARS-CoV-2 S spike protein was approved for use in humans in the UK.
由于 COVID-19 大流行具有破坏性，针对 SARS-CoV-2 的疫苗研发非常激烈，包括所有潜在的方法，以期在尽可能短的时间内向全球提供安全有效的候选疫苗。病毒载体发挥了核心作用，特别是使用基于腺病毒的载体。此外，其他基于痘苗病毒、麻疹病毒、弹状病毒、流感病毒和慢病毒的病毒载体也已被用于疫苗开发。自我扩增 RNA 病毒载体已被用于基于脂质纳米颗粒的 RNA 传递作为 COVID-19 疫苗。几种基于腺病毒的候选疫苗在免疫动物中引起了强烈的免疫反应，并在小鼠和灵长类动物中实现了对挑战的保护。此外，基于腺病毒的候选疫苗已进行了 I 期至 III 期临床试验。最近，在英国，表达 SARS-CoV-2 S 刺突蛋白的猴腺病毒 ChAdOx1 载体已被批准用于人类。
