CEITEC VFU, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
Department of Animal Genetics, Veterinary and Pharmaceutical University, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
Genes (Basel). 2021 Feb 21;12(2):304. doi: 10.3390/genes12020304.
Cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells can kill target cells based on their expression and release of perforin, granulysin, and granzymes. Genes encoding these molecules have been only poorly annotated in camelids. Based on bioinformatic analyses of genomic resources, sequences corresponding to perforin, granulysin, and granzymes were identified in genomes of camelids and related ungulate species, and annotation of the corresponding genes was performed. A phylogenetic tree was constructed to study evolutionary relationships between the species analyzed. Re-sequencing of all genes in a panel of 10 dromedaries and 10 domestic Bactrian camels allowed analyzing their individual genetic polymorphisms. The data showed that all extant Old World camelids possess functional genes for two pore-forming proteins (PRF1, GNLY) and six granzymes (GZMA, GZMB, GZMH, GZMK, GZMM, and GZMO). All these genes were represented as single copies in the genome except the GZMH gene exhibiting interspecific differences in the number of loci. High protein sequence similarities with other camelid and ungulate species were observed for GZMK and GZMM. The protein variability in dromedaries and Bactrian camels was rather low, except for GNLY and chymotrypsin-like granzymes (GZMB, GZMH).
细胞毒性 T 细胞和自然杀伤细胞可以根据其表达和释放穿孔素、颗粒酶和颗粒酶来杀死靶细胞。这些分子的编码基因在骆驼科动物中仅得到了很差的注释。基于对基因组资源的生物信息学分析，在骆驼科动物和相关有蹄类动物的基因组中鉴定到了与穿孔素、颗粒酶和颗粒酶对应的序列，并对相应基因进行了注释。构建了一个系统发育树来研究所分析物种之间的进化关系。对 10 只单峰驼和 10 只家养双峰驼的所有基因进行重测序，以分析它们的个体遗传多态性。数据表明，所有现存的旧大陆骆驼都拥有两种形成孔的蛋白（PRF1、GNLY）和六种颗粒酶（GZMA、GZMB、GZMH、GZMK、GZMM 和 GZMO）的功能性基因。除了 GZMH 基因在种间存在数量上的差异外，这些基因在基因组中都以单拷贝形式存在。GZMK 和 GZMM 与其他骆驼科和有蹄类动物的蛋白质序列相似度很高。除了 GNLY 和糜蛋白酶样颗粒酶（GZMB、GZMH）外，单峰驼和双峰驼的蛋白质变异性都相当低。
