Fontana Fabrizio, Carollo Emanuela, Melling Genevieve E, Carter David R F
Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy.
Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK.
Cancers (Basel). 2021 Feb 11;13(4):749. doi: 10.3390/cancers13040749.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently emerged as crucial modulators of cancer drug resistance. Indeed, it has been shown that they can directly sequester anti-tumor drugs, decreasing their effective concentration at target sites. Moreover, they facilitate the horizontal transfer of specific bioactive cargoes able to regulate proliferative, apoptotic, and stemness programs in recipient cells, potentially conferring a resistant phenotype to drug-sensitive cancer cells. Finally, EVs can mediate the communication between the tumor and both stromal and immune cells within the microenvironment, promoting treatment escape. In this context, clarifying the EV-driven resistance mechanisms might improve not only tumor diagnosis and prognosis but also therapeutic outcomes. Detailed cellular and molecular events occurring during the development of EV-mediated cancer drug resistance are described in this review article.
细胞外囊泡（EVs）最近已成为癌症耐药性的关键调节因子。事实上，已经表明它们可以直接隔离抗肿瘤药物，降低其在靶位点的有效浓度。此外，它们促进特定生物活性货物的水平转移，这些货物能够调节受体细胞中的增殖、凋亡和干性程序，可能赋予药物敏感癌细胞耐药表型。最后，EVs可以介导肿瘤与微环境中的基质细胞和免疫细胞之间的通讯，促进治疗逃逸。在此背景下，阐明由EVs驱动的耐药机制不仅可能改善肿瘤诊断和预后，还可能改善治疗结果。本文综述了EV介导的癌症耐药性发展过程中发生的详细细胞和分子事件。
