Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.
Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.
Viruses. 2021 Feb 11;13(2):279. doi: 10.3390/v13020279.
The tripartite motif (TRIM) family comprises at least 80 members in humans, with most having ubiquitin or SUMO E3 ligase activity conferred by their N-terminal RING domain. TRIMs regulate a wide range of processes in ubiquitination- or sumoylation-dependent manners in most cases, and fewer as adaptors. Their roles in the regulation of viral infections, autophagy, cell cycle progression, DNA damage and other stress responses, and carcinogenesis are being increasingly appreciated, and their E3 ligase activities are attractive targets for developing specific immunotherapeutic strategies for immune diseases and cancers. Given their importance in antiviral immune response, viruses have evolved sophisticated immune escape strategies to subvert TRIM-mediated mechanisms. In this review, we focus on their regulation of IFN-I-mediated innate immune response, which plays key roles in antiviral and antitumor defense.
三基序蛋白（TRIM）家族包含人类中至少 80 个成员，其中大多数具有由其 N 端 RING 结构域赋予的泛素或 SUMO E3 连接酶活性。TRIM 以依赖泛素化或 SUMO 化的方式调节多种过程，在少数情况下作为衔接蛋白起作用。它们在病毒感染、自噬、细胞周期进程、DNA 损伤和其他应激反应以及致癌作用的调节中的作用正越来越受到重视，其 E3 连接酶活性是开发用于免疫疾病和癌症的特异性免疫治疗策略的有吸引力的靶标。鉴于它们在抗病毒免疫反应中的重要性，病毒已经进化出复杂的免疫逃逸策略来颠覆 TRIM 介导的机制。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍它们对 IFN-I 介导的先天免疫反应的调节，该反应在抗病毒和抗肿瘤防御中发挥关键作用。
