Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, Milionowa 14, 93-113 Lodz, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Feb 11;22(4):1804. doi: 10.3390/ijms22041804.
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), remains a global challenge. Currently, there is some information on the consequences of COVID-19 infection in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, as it is a newly discovered coronavirus, but its far-reaching effects on participation in neurodegenerative diseases seem to be significant. Recent cases reports showed that SARS-CoV-2 may be responsible for initiating the demyelination process in people who previously had no symptoms associated with any nervous system disorders. It is presently known that infection of SARS-CoV-2 evokes cytokine storm syndrome, which may be one of the factors leading to the acute cerebrovascular disease. One of the substantial problems is the coexistence of cerebrovascular disease and MS in an individual's life span. Epidemiological studies showed an enhanced risk of death rate from vascular disabilities in MS patients of approximately 30%. It has been demonstrated that patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection usually show increased levels of D-dimer, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein (CRP), and overactivation of blood platelets, which are essential elements of prothrombotic events. In this review, the latest knowledge gathered during an ongoing pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the neurodegeneration processes in MS is discussed.
新型冠状病毒病 2019（COVID-19）大流行是由严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的，仍然是一个全球性的挑战。目前，关于 COVID-19 感染对多发性硬化症（MS）患者的影响有一些信息，因为这是一种新发现的冠状病毒，但它对参与神经退行性疾病的深远影响似乎是重大的。最近的病例报告表明，SARS-CoV-2 可能负责引发先前与任何神经系统疾病无关的症状的人发生脱髓鞘过程。目前已知，SARS-CoV-2 的感染会引发细胞因子风暴综合征，这可能是导致急性脑血管病的因素之一。一个实质性的问题是脑血管病和 MS 在个体的寿命中同时存在。流行病学研究表明，MS 患者死于血管性残疾的风险增加约 30%。已经证明，患有严重 SARS-CoV-2 感染的患者通常表现出 D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原、C 反应蛋白（CRP）和血小板过度活化水平升高，这些都是血栓前事件的重要因素。在这篇综述中，讨论了在 SARS-CoV-2 感染持续大流行期间，关于 MS 中神经退行性过程的最新知识。
