Forsberg Matthew H, Kink John A, Hematti Peiman, Capitini Christian M
Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.
Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020 Jul 17;8:665. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00665. eCollection 2020.
Due to their robust immunomodulatory capabilities, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have been used as a cellular therapy for a number of human diseases. Part of the mechanism of action of MSCs is the production of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that contain proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids that transmit signals to recipient cells that change their biologic behavior. This review briefly summarizes the development of MSCs as a treatment for human diseases as well as describes our present understanding of exosomes; how they exert their effects on target cells, and how they are differentiated from other EVs. The current treatment paradigm for acute radiation syndrome (ARS) is discussed, and how MSCs and MSC derived exosomes are emerging as treatment options for treating patients after radiation exposure. Other conditions such as graft-versus-host disease and cardiovascular disease/stroke are discussed as examples to highlight the immunomodulatory and regenerative capacity of MSC-exosomes. Finally, a consideration is given to how these cell-based therapies could possibly be deployed in the event of a catastrophic radiation exposure event.
由于间充质干/基质细胞（MSCs）具有强大的免疫调节能力，已被用作多种人类疾病的细胞疗法。MSCs的部分作用机制是产生细胞外囊泡（EVs），这些囊泡包含蛋白质、核酸和脂质，它们向受体细胞传递信号，从而改变其生物学行为。本综述简要总结了MSCs作为人类疾病治疗手段的发展历程，并描述了我们目前对外泌体的理解；它们如何对靶细胞发挥作用，以及它们如何与其他EVs区分开来。讨论了急性放射综合征（ARS）的当前治疗模式，以及MSCs和源自MSCs的外泌体如何逐渐成为辐射暴露后治疗患者的选择。还讨论了移植物抗宿主病和心血管疾病/中风等其他病症，以突出MSC-外泌体的免疫调节和再生能力。最后，考虑了在发生灾难性辐射暴露事件时如何可能部署这些基于细胞的疗法。
