McGinty Emma M, Murphy Kevin M, Hauvermale Amber L
The School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, PO Box 644236, Pullman, WA, USA.
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164-6420, USA.
Plants (Basel). 2021 Feb 28;10(3):458. doi: 10.3390/plants10030458.
Quinoa ( Willd.) is a culturally significant staple food source that has been grown for thousands of years in South America. Due to its natural drought and salinity tolerance, quinoa has emerged as an agronomically important crop for production in marginal soils, in highly variable climates, and as part of diverse crop rotations. Primary areas of quinoa research have focused on improving resistance to abiotic stresses and disease, improving yields, and increasing nutrition. However, an evolving issue impacting quinoa seed end-use quality is preharvest sprouting (PHS), which is when seeds with little to no dormancy experience a rain event prior to harvest and sprout on the panicle. Far less is understood about the mechanisms that regulate quinoa seed dormancy and seed viability. This review will cover topics including seed dormancy, orthodox and unorthodox dormancy programs, desiccation sensitivity, environmental and hormonal mechanisms that regulate seed dormancy, and breeding and non-breeding strategies for enhancing resistance to PHS in quinoa.
藜麦（Chenopodium quinoa Willd.）是一种具有重要文化意义的主食来源，在南美洲已有数千年的种植历史。由于其天然的耐旱和耐盐性，藜麦已成为一种在边际土壤、高度多变的气候条件下种植的重要农作物，也是多样化作物轮作的一部分。藜麦的主要研究领域集中在提高对非生物胁迫和病害的抗性、提高产量以及增加营养。然而，一个影响藜麦种子最终使用品质的新问题是收获前发芽（PHS），即几乎没有休眠或无休眠的种子在收获前遭遇降雨并在穗上发芽。关于调节藜麦种子休眠和种子活力的机制，人们了解得还很少。本综述将涵盖种子休眠、正统和非正统休眠程序、干燥敏感性、调节种子休眠的环境和激素机制，以及增强藜麦对收获前发芽抗性的育种和非育种策略等主题。
