King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences &Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Nature. 2017 Feb 16;542(7641):307-312. doi: 10.1038/nature21370. Epub 2017 Feb 8.
Chenopodium quinoa (quinoa) is a highly nutritious grain identified as an important crop to improve world food security. Unfortunately, few resources are available to facilitate its genetic improvement. Here we report the assembly of a high-quality, chromosome-scale reference genome sequence for quinoa, which was produced using single-molecule real-time sequencing in combination with optical, chromosome-contact and genetic maps. We also report the sequencing of two diploids from the ancestral gene pools of quinoa, which enables the identification of sub-genomes in quinoa, and reduced-coverage genome sequences for 22 other samples of the allotetraploid goosefoot complex. The genome sequence facilitated the identification of the transcription factor likely to control the production of anti-nutritional triterpenoid saponins found in quinoa seeds, including a mutation that appears to cause alternative splicing and a premature stop codon in sweet quinoa strains. These genomic resources are an important first step towards the genetic improvement of quinoa.
藜麦（quinoa）是一种营养丰富的谷物，被认为是提高世界粮食安全的重要作物。然而，目前可用的资源很少，难以实现其遗传改良。本研究报道了藜麦高质量染色体水平参考基因组序列的组装，该序列是使用单分子实时测序技术结合光学图谱、染色体接触图谱和遗传图谱生成的。本研究还报道了藜麦两个祖先基因池的二倍体基因组序列，这使得藜麦亚基因组的鉴定以及鹅足草复合体的 22 个其他样本的低覆盖率基因组序列成为可能。该基因组序列有助于鉴定可能控制藜麦种子中抗营养三萜皂苷产生的转录因子，包括一个突变，该突变似乎导致甜藜麦品系中的选择性剪接和过早的终止密码子。这些基因组资源是实现藜麦遗传改良的重要第一步。
