Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal.
Nutrients. 2021 Feb 15;13(2):625. doi: 10.3390/nu13020625.
We investigated the influence of different dietary formulation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on rat tissue fatty acid (FA) incorporation and consequent modulation of their bioactive metabolite N-acylethanolamines (NAE). For 10 weeks, rats were fed diets with 12% of fat from milk + 4% soybean oil and 4% of oils with different n-3 PUFA species: soybean oil as control, linseed oil rich in α-linolenic (ALA), oil rich in ALA and stearidonic acid (SDA), fish oil rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), microalga oil rich in EPA or microalga oil rich in DHA. FA and NAE profiles were determined in plasma, liver, brain and adipose tissues. Different dietary n-3 PUFA distinctively influenced tissue FA profiles and consequently NAE tissue concentrations. Interestingly, in visceral adipose tissue the levels of N-arachidonoylethanolamide (AEA) and N-docosahexaenoylethanolamide (DHEA), NAE derived from arachidonic acid (AA) and DHA, respectively, significantly correlated with NAE in plasma, and circulating DHEA levels were also correlated with those in liver and brain. Circulating NAE derived from stearic acid, stearoylethanolamide (SEA), palmitic acid and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) correlated with their liver concentrations. Our data indicate that dietary n-3 PUFA are not all the same in terms of altering tissue FA and NAE concentrations. In addition, correlation analyses suggest that NAE levels in plasma may reflect their concentration in specific tissues. Given the receptor-mediated tissue specific metabolic role of each NAE, a personalized formulation of dietary n-3 PUFA might potentially produce tailored metabolic effects in different pathophysiological conditions.
我们研究了不同的 n-3 多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）饮食配方对大鼠组织脂肪酸（FA）掺入的影响，以及随之而来的生物活性代谢物 N-酰基乙醇胺（NAE）的调节。在 10 周的时间里，大鼠食用含有 12%牛奶脂肪和 4%大豆油以及 4%不同 n-3PUFA 种类的油的饮食：大豆油作为对照，亚麻籽油富含α-亚麻酸（ALA），富含 ALA 和硬脂酸（SDA）的油，富含二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）的鱼油，富含 EPA 的微藻油或富含 DHA 的微藻油。测定了血浆、肝脏、大脑和脂肪组织中的 FA 和 NAE 谱。不同的饮食 n-3 PUFA 明显影响组织 FA 谱，进而影响 NAE 组织浓度。有趣的是，在内脏脂肪组织中，N-花生四烯酰乙醇胺（AEA）和 N-二十二碳六烯酰乙醇胺（DHEA）的水平，分别来自花生四烯酸（AA）和 DHA 的 NAE，与血浆中的 NAE 显著相关，循环 DHEA 水平也与肝脏和大脑中的水平相关。循环 NAE 衍生自硬脂酸、硬脂酰乙醇胺（SEA）、棕榈酸和棕榈酰乙醇胺（PEA）与它们在肝脏中的浓度相关。我们的数据表明，饮食中的 n-3PUFA 在改变组织 FA 和 NAE 浓度方面并不完全相同。此外，相关分析表明，血浆中的 NAE 水平可能反映了它们在特定组织中的浓度。鉴于每种 NAE 的受体介导的组织特异性代谢作用，饮食 n-3 PUFA 的个性化配方可能会在不同的病理生理条件下产生定制的代谢效果。
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