Lopes Paula A, Bandarra Narcisa M, Martins Susana V, Martinho Joana, Alfaia Cristina M, Madeira Marta S, Cardoso Carlos, Afonso Cláudia, Paulo Maria C, Pinto Rui M A, Guil-Guerrero José L, Prates José A M
CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal.
DIVAV, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Av. Brasília, 1449-006 Lisbon, Portugal.
Nutr Metab (Lond). 2017 Sep 29;14:62. doi: 10.1186/s12986-017-0218-y. eCollection 2017.
To overcome the current overexploitation of fish rich in 3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), microalgae have become a promising marine lipid source. The purpose of this study was to assess eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6-3), isolated or combined from distinct marine origins, on the promotion of neuroprotective effects.
The experiment lasted for 10 weeks and involved 32 Wistar rats, divided into 4 diets ( = 8): a diet rich in milk fat was taken as control (Milk Fat) and compared to -3 LCPUFA enriched diets, either in EPA + DHA form through fish oil (Fish Oil), or EPA through oil (Nanno), or DHA through oil (Schyzo), while maintaining Milk Fat incorporation.
Plasma lipid profile and dopamine levels were more beneficial in Fish Oil diet. In addition, -3 LCPUFA incorporation was found increased in liver and erythrocytes from Fish Oil fed rats, suggesting that fish oil is a better dietary source for fatty acids deposition in the organism than microalgae. The Forced Swimming Test revealed a positive behavioural action of EPA + DHA, in opposition to Milk Fat and Nanno diets, which had higher immobile times. mRNA levels of serotonin receptors, HT1A and HT2A along with CREB, the transmission factor for learning and memory, were higher in the hippocampus of rats fed -3 LCPUFA diets comparative to Milk Fat.
Taken together, the combination of EPA and DHA from fish oil can counteract the undesirable health effects of saturated fat based diets and benefit, in the long run, neurological function.
为克服目前对富含ω-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LCPUFA）鱼类的过度捕捞，微藻已成为一种有前景的海洋脂质来源。本研究的目的是评估从不同海洋来源分离或组合的二十碳五烯酸（EPA，20:5ω-3）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA，22:6ω-3）对促进神经保护作用的影响。
实验持续10周，涉及32只Wistar大鼠，分为4组饮食（每组n = 8）：以富含乳脂肪的饮食作为对照（乳脂肪），并与ω-3 LCPUFA强化饮食进行比较，一种是通过鱼油以EPA + DHA形式（鱼油），另一种是通过藻油以EPA形式（纳米藻），或通过藻油以DHA形式（裂殖壶菌），同时保持乳脂肪的摄入。
鱼油饮食组的血浆脂质谱和多巴胺水平更有益。此外，发现鱼油喂养的大鼠肝脏和红细胞中ω-3 LCPUFA的掺入量增加，这表明鱼油比微藻是生物体中脂肪酸沉积更好的饮食来源。强迫游泳试验显示EPA + DHA具有积极的行为作用，与静止时间较长的乳脂肪和纳米藻饮食相反。与乳脂肪相比，喂食ω-3 LCPUFA饮食的大鼠海马中血清素受体HT1A和HT2A以及学习和记忆的传递因子CREB的mRNA水平更高。
综上所述，鱼油中的EPA和DHA组合可以抵消基于饱和脂肪饮食的不良健康影响，并从长远来看有益于神经功能。
