Abuagla Mohamedazim I B, Iqbal Javaid, Raweh Hael S A, Alqarni Abdulaziz S
Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Insects. 2024 Jun 25;15(7):473. doi: 10.3390/insects15070473.
The honey bee, a significant crop pollinator, encounters pesticides through various routes of exposure during foraging and flower visitation. Considering the potential threat of pesticide poisoning, the indigenous Saudi bee is susceptible to the risks associated with acetamiprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide. This study investigates the acetamiprid-induced effects on the survival, olfactory learning, and memory formation of through two exposure routes: topical application and oral ingestion. Field-realistic and serially diluted concentrations (100, 50, 25, and 10 ppm) of acetamiprid led to notable mortality at 4, 12, 24, and 48 h after treatment, with peak mortality observed at 24 h and 48 h for both exposure routes. Bee mortality was concentration-dependent, increasing with the rising concentration of acetamiprid at the tested time intervals. Food consumption following oral exposure exhibited a concentration-dependent pattern, steadily decreasing with increasing concentrations of acetamiprid. Oral exposure resulted in a substantially higher cumulative mortality (55%) compared to topical exposure (15%), indicating a significant disparity in bee mortality between the two exposure routes. The 24 h post-treatment LC values for acetamiprid were 160.33 and 12.76 ppm for topical application and oral ingestion, respectively. The sublethal concentrations (LC, LC, and LC) of acetamiprid were 15.23, 34.18, and 61.20 ppm, respectively, following topical exposure, and 2.85, 4.77, and 6.91 ppm, respectively, following oral exposure. The sublethal concentrations of acetamiprid significantly decreased learning during the 2nd-3rd conditioning trials and impaired memory formation at 2, 12, and 24 h following both topical and oral exposure routes, compared to the control bees. Notably, the sublethal concentrations were equally effective in impairing bee learning and memory. Taken together, acetamiprid exposure adversely affected bee survival, hindered learning, and impaired the memory retention of learned tasks.
蜜蜂是一种重要的农作物授粉昆虫，在觅食和采花过程中会通过多种接触途径接触到农药。考虑到农药中毒的潜在威胁，沙特本土蜜蜂易受新烟碱类杀虫剂啶虫脒相关风险的影响。本研究通过两种接触途径：局部涂抹和口服摄入，研究了啶虫脒对蜜蜂生存、嗅觉学习和记忆形成的影响。啶虫脒的田间实际浓度和系列稀释浓度（100、50、25和10 ppm）在处理后4、12、24和48小时导致显著死亡率，两种接触途径在24小时和48小时均观察到最高死亡率。蜜蜂死亡率呈浓度依赖性，在测试时间间隔内随着啶虫脒浓度的升高而增加。口服接触后食物消耗呈现浓度依赖性模式，随着啶虫脒浓度的增加而稳步下降。口服接触导致的累积死亡率（55%）显著高于局部涂抹接触（15%），表明两种接触途径在蜜蜂死亡率上存在显著差异。处理后24小时，啶虫脒局部涂抹和口服摄入的LC值分别为160.33和12.76 ppm。啶虫脒的亚致死浓度（LC、LC和LC）局部涂抹后分别为15.23、34.18和61.20 ppm，口服接触后分别为2.85、4.77和6.91 ppm。与对照蜜蜂相比，啶虫脒的亚致死浓度在局部涂抹和口服接触途径后，均显著降低了第2 - 3次条件试验期间的学习能力，并在2、12和24小时损害了记忆形成。值得注意的是，亚致死浓度在损害蜜蜂学习和记忆方面同样有效。综上所述，啶虫脒接触对蜜蜂生存产生不利影响，阻碍学习，并损害所学任务的记忆保持。
