Health Promotion, Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, ON M5G 1V2, Canada.
Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada.
Nutrients. 2021 Feb 27;13(3):779. doi: 10.3390/nu13030779.
: High sodium intake is a leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. This study estimated full compliance to Canada's voluntary sodium reduction guidance (SRG) targets on social inequities and population sodium intake. : We conducted a modeling study using = 19,645, 24 h dietary recalls (Canadians ≥ 2 years) from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition (2015 CCHS-N). Multivariable linear regressions were used to estimate mean sodium intake in measured (in the 2015 CCHS-N) and modelled (achieving SRG targets) scenarios across education, income and food security. The percentage of Canadians with sodium intakes above chronic disease risk reduction (CDRR) thresholds was estimated using the US National Cancer Institute (NCI) method. : In children aged 2-8, achieving SRG targets reduced mean sodium intake differences between food secure and insecure households from 271 mg/day (95%CI: 75,468) to 83 mg/day (95%CI: -45,212); a finding consistent across education and income. Mean sodium intake inequities between low and high education households were eliminated for females aged 9-18 (96 mg/day, 95%CI: -149,341) and adults aged 19 and older (males: 148 mg/day, 95%CI: -30,327; female: -45 mg/day, 95%CI: -141,51). Despite these declines (after achieving the SRG targets) the majority of Canadians' are above the CDRR thresholds. : Achieving SRG targets would eliminate social inequities in sodium intake and reduce population sodium intake overall; however, additional interventions are required to reach recommended sodium levels.
高钠摄入量是心血管疾病的主要可改变风险因素。本研究估计了加拿大自愿性钠减排指导（SRG）目标在社会公平和人群钠摄入量方面的完全合规性。
我们使用 2015 年加拿大社区健康调查-营养（2015 年 CCHS-N）中的 19645 名 24 小时膳食回忆（年龄≥2 岁的加拿大人）进行了一项建模研究。多变量线性回归用于估计在教育、收入和粮食安全方面，在测量（在 2015 年 CCHS-N 中）和建模（达到 SRG 目标）情况下的平均钠摄入量。使用美国国家癌症研究所（NCI）的方法估计超过慢性病风险降低（CDRR）阈值的加拿大人的钠摄入量百分比。
在 2-8 岁儿童中，达到 SRG 目标将食品有保障和无保障家庭之间的平均钠摄入量差异从 271 毫克/天（95%置信区间：75,468）减少到 83 毫克/天（95%置信区间：-45,212）；这一发现在教育和收入方面都是一致的。对于 9-18 岁的女性（96 毫克/天，95%置信区间：-149,341）和 19 岁及以上的成年人（男性：148 毫克/天，95%置信区间：-30,327；女性：-45 毫克/天，95%置信区间：-141,51），低教育和高教育家庭之间的平均钠摄入量不平等现象消失了。尽管达到了 SRG 目标后（达到了 SRG 目标），大多数加拿大人的摄入量仍高于 CDRR 阈值。
达到 SRG 目标将消除钠摄入量方面的社会不公平现象，并降低总体人群的钠摄入量；然而，需要采取额外的干预措施来达到推荐的钠水平。
