Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied to the Environment-APAE (UR17ES32) Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology Mahdia, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Spain.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Spain.
Environ Res. 2021 May;196:110956. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110956. Epub 2021 Mar 4.
Today, the textile industry is considered as a leading economic sector in Tunisia. However, this sector demands a huge volume of water and a wide spectrum of chemicals, which is converted into potentially toxic wastewater leading to environmental perturbation and human health toxicity. Assessment of the environmental risks associated with textile wastewater becomes a necessity. In this study, textile dyeing wastewater samples were collected before and after the physico-chemical treatment carried out by textile companies located in Monastir-city-Tunisia and subjected to chemical analyzes in order to determine their physicochemical characteristics and the content of metals and textile dyes. The ecotoxicological assessment was performed using four organisms, namely Selenastrum capricornutum, Vibrio fischeri, Daphnia magna and Lepidium sativum, to represent different trophic levels. Based on chemical data, some physicochemical parameters (e.g. TSS, COD and TSS levels) and metals (e.g. Cr, Hg and Sb) in the textile dyeing effluents were revealed not in compliance with the Tunisian standard. Moreover, high quantities of three disperse dyes have been detected even in the textile dyeing wastewater samples before and after treatments. The ecotoxicological data confirmed that the textile dyeing influents displayed toxic effects to all the test organisms, with Selenastrum capricornutum being the most sensitive organism. While, the above toxic effects were decreased slightly when evaluating the treated effluents. Metals and textile disperse dyes could be associated with the observed toxic effects of the textile influents and effluents. In fact, the treatment process applied by the evaluated companies was only partially efficient at removing metals, disperse dyes and effluent ecotoxicity, suggesting potential risks to aquatic biota. These findings emphasize the importance of applying integrated chemical and biological approaches for continuous evaluation of the toxicity of the treated effluents to predict hazards on the environment.
如今，纺织业被认为是突尼斯的主要经济部门。然而，这个行业需要大量的水和广泛的化学物质，这些物质转化为潜在有毒的废水，导致环境扰动和人类健康毒性。评估与纺织废水相关的环境风险成为必要。在这项研究中，采集了位于突尼斯莫纳斯提尔市的纺织公司进行物理化学处理前后的纺织废水样本，并进行了化学分析，以确定其物理化学特性以及金属和纺织染料的含量。采用四种生物，即 Selenastrum capricornutum、Vibrio fischeri、Daphnia magna 和 Lepidium sativum，进行生态毒性评估，以代表不同的营养级。根据化学数据，一些物理化学参数（如 TSS、COD 和 TSS 水平）和金属（如 Cr、Hg 和 Sb）在纺织废水排放中未达到突尼斯标准。此外，即使在处理前后的纺织废水样本中也检测到了三种分散染料的高含量。生态毒性数据证实，纺织废水进水对所有测试生物都显示出毒性作用，其中 Selenastrum capricornutum 是最敏感的生物。而当评估处理后的废水时，上述毒性作用略有降低。金属和纺织分散染料可能与观察到的纺织废水进水的毒性效应有关。事实上，评估公司应用的处理工艺仅能部分有效地去除金属、分散染料和废水的生态毒性，表明对水生生物群有潜在风险。这些发现强调了应用综合化学和生物学方法对处理后废水的毒性进行连续评估的重要性，以预测对环境的危害。
