School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, Tianjin 300384, China.
Environ Int. 2021 Jul;152:106471. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106471. Epub 2021 Mar 3.
High concentrations (1.08 ng/g-3.61 mg/g) of methylsiloxanes, including cyclic analogs [octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6)], and linear analogs with 3-14 silicon atoms (L3-L14), have been detected in crude oil, additives and petroleum products from one petroleum refinery facility in China. Overall, the total mass load of Σmethylsiloxanes (1320 kg/day) in crude oil and additives was 1.5 times higher than that in petroleum products (857 kg/day), indicating their potential emissions in this facility, which were further confirmed by the find of their obvious emission through exhaust-gas (89.4 kg/day) and wastewater (4.70 kg/day). Σmethylsiloxanes emission from exhaust-gas discharge outlets of deep catalytic cracking units (60.6 kg/day) took up 68% of their total emission from all gas outlets. Overall, Σmethylsiloxanes in air (17.1-743 μg/m) and soil samples [311 ng/g dw (dry weight) - 34.2 μg/g dw] from this facility were up to four orders of magnitude greater than those from surrounding areas, and plasma concentrations of Σmethylsiloxanes in current workers from this facility (7.4-609 ng/mL) were up to two orders of magnitude larger than those from reference group (<LOQ-21.2 ng/mL). Furthermore, concentration ratios (0.09-0.58) of total cyclic methylsiloxanes to their hepatic metabolites for workers were 2.3-17 times lower than those (1.32-1.56) for reference group, indicating that refinery workers may be exposed to more unknown methylsiloxane analogs than general population.
在中国的一家炼油厂设施中，已检测到高浓度（1.08ng/g-3.61mg/g）的甲基硅氧烷，包括环状类似物[八甲基环四硅氧烷（D4）、十甲基环戊硅氧烷（D5）和十二甲基环己硅氧烷（D6）]和具有 3-14 个硅原子的线性类似物（L3-L14）。总体而言，原油和添加剂中Σ甲基硅氧烷（1320kg/天）的总质量负荷比石油产品（857kg/天）高 1.5 倍，表明它们在该设施中有潜在的排放，这通过废气（89.4kg/天）和废水（4.70kg/天）中明显排放的发现得到了进一步证实。废气排放口排放的Σ甲基硅氧烷（60.6kg/天）占所有气体排放口总排放量的 68%。总体而言，该设施空气中Σ甲基硅氧烷（17.1-743μg/m）和土壤样品[311ng/g dw（干重）-34.2ng/g dw]的浓度比周围地区高 4 个数量级，且该设施当前工人的Σ甲基硅氧烷血浆浓度（7.4-609ng/mL）比参考组高 2 个数量级（<LOQ-21.2ng/mL）。此外，工人中环状甲基硅氧烷的总浓度比其肝代谢物的浓度比（0.09-0.58）比参考组低 2.3-17 倍，表明炼油厂工人可能比一般人群接触到更多未知的甲基硅氧烷类似物。
