Boslooper-Meulenbelt Karin, Boonstra Marco D, van Vliet Iris M Y, Gomes-Neto Antonio W, Osté Maryse C J, Poelman Maartje P, Bakker Stephan J L, de Winter Andrea F, Navis Gerjan J
Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
J Ren Nutr. 2021 Nov;31(6):628-636. doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2020.12.010. Epub 2021 Mar 4.
Adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet is associated with improved health outcomes in kidney transplant recipients (KTR). However, poor dietary habits, including excessive sodium intake, are common in KTR, indicating difficulties with incorporating a healthy diet into daily life. Food literacy is identified as potential facilitator of a healthy diet, but the precise relationship between food literacy and dietary intake in KTR has not been investigated. This study examined food literacy levels in KTR and its association with adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet and sodium intake.
This cross-sectional study is part of the TransplantLines Cohort and Biobank Study. Food literacy was measured with the Self-Perceived Food Literacy (SPFL) questionnaire. Dietary intake assessment with food frequency questionnaires was used to calculate the Mediterranean Diet Score. Sodium intake was based on the 24-hour urinary sodium excretion rate. Associations of SPFL with Mediterranean Diet Score and sodium intake were assessed with univariable and multivariable linear regression analyses.
In total, 148 KTR (age 56 [48-66]; 56% male) completed the SPFL questionnaire with a mean SPFL score of 3.63 ± 0.44. Higher SPFL was associated with a higher Mediterranean Diet Score in KTR (β = 1.51, 95% confidence interval 0.88-2.12, P ≤ .001). Although KTR with higher food literacy tended to have a lower sodium intake than those with lower food literacy (P = .08), the association of food literacy with sodium intake was not significant in a multivariable regression analysis (β = 0.52 per 10 mmol/24-hour increment, 95% confidence interval -1.79 to 2.83, P = .66).
Higher levels of food literacy are associated with better adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet in KTR. No association between food literacy and sodium intake was found. Further studies are needed to determine if interventions on improving food literacy contribute to a healthier diet and better long-term outcomes in KTR.
坚持地中海式饮食与肾移植受者（KTR）健康状况改善相关。然而，包括钠摄入过多在内的不良饮食习惯在KTR中很常见，这表明将健康饮食融入日常生活存在困难。食物素养被认为是健康饮食的潜在促进因素，但KTR中食物素养与饮食摄入之间的确切关系尚未得到研究。本研究调查了KTR的食物素养水平及其与坚持地中海式饮食和钠摄入的关联。
这项横断面研究是移植队列和生物样本库研究的一部分。使用自我感知食物素养（SPFL）问卷来测量食物素养。通过食物频率问卷进行饮食摄入评估，以计算地中海饮食评分。钠摄入量基于24小时尿钠排泄率。使用单变量和多变量线性回归分析评估SPFL与地中海饮食评分和钠摄入之间的关联。
共有148名KTR（年龄56岁[48 - 66岁]；56%为男性）完成了SPFL问卷，平均SPFL评分为3.63±0.44。较高的SPFL与KTR中较高的地中海饮食评分相关（β = 1.51，95%置信区间0.88 - 2.12，P≤.001）。尽管食物素养较高的KTR的钠摄入量往往低于食物素养较低的KTR（P =.08），但在多变量回归分析中，食物素养与钠摄入之间的关联并不显著（每增加10 mmol/24小时，β = 0.52，95%置信区间 -1.79至2.83，P =.66）。
较高的食物素养水平与KTR更好地坚持地中海式饮食相关。未发现食物素养与钠摄入之间存在关联。需要进一步研究以确定改善食物素养的干预措施是否有助于KTR实现更健康的饮食和更好的长期结果。
