Cheongju Zoo, Cheongju 28311, South Korea.
Wildlife Medical Center, Korea National Park Service, Gurye, South Korea.
Vet Anaesth Analg. 2021 May;48(3):393-397. doi: 10.1016/j.vaa.2021.01.002. Epub 2021 Feb 2.
To evaluate the effects and utility of tiletamine-zolazepam-medetomidine (TZM) and ketamine-medetomidine (KM) for anesthesia of Amur leopard cats (Prionailurus bengalensis euptailurus).
Prospective, randomized experimental trial.
A total of six female (3.70 ± 0.49 kg) and six male (5.03 ± 0.44 kg; mean ± standard deviation) Amur leopard cats aged 2-6 years.
Each animal was administered four protocols separated by ≥3 weeks. Each protocol included medetomidine (0.05 mg kg) combined with tiletamine-zolazepam (1 mg kg; protocol MTZ); tiletamine-zolazepam (2 mg kg; protocol MTZ); ketamine (2 mg kg; protocol MK); or ketamine (4 mg kg; MK) administered intramuscularly. At time 0 (onset of lateral recumbency) and 30 minutes, heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (f), rectal temperature, noninvasive mean arterial pressure (MAP) and hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO) were recorded. Times to onset of lateral recumbency, duration of anesthesia and time to standing were recorded.
Overall, animals were anesthetized with all protocols within 10 minutes, anesthesia was maintained ≥57 minutes, and recovery (time from the first head lift to standing) was completed within 5 minutes. During anesthesia with all protocols, HR, f, rectal temperature, SpO and MAP were 99-125 beats minute, 33-44 breaths minute, 37.6-39.4 °C, 90-95% and 152-177 mmHg, respectively. No adverse event was observed.
TZM and KM at various dosages resulted in rapid onset of anesthesia, duration of >57 minutes and rapid recovery without administration of an antagonist. Accordingly, all these combinations are useful for anesthetizing Amur leopard cats and for performing simple procedures. However, the low doses of the anesthetic agents are recommended because there was no difference in duration of anesthesia between the dose rates studied.
评估替来他明-唑拉西泮-甲己炔（TZM）和氯胺酮-甲己炔（KM）在麻醉远东豹猫（Prionailurus bengalensis euptailurus）中的效果和用途。
前瞻性、随机实验性试验。
6 只雌性（3.70±0.49kg）和 6 只雄性（5.03±0.44kg；平均值±标准差）年龄为 2-6 岁的远东豹猫。
每只动物接受 4 种方案，每种方案之间间隔至少 3 周。每种方案均包括甲己炔（0.05mg/kg）联合替来他明-唑拉西泮（1mg/kg；MTZ 方案）；替来他明-唑拉西泮（2mg/kg；MTZ 方案）；氯胺酮（2mg/kg；MK 方案）；或氯胺酮（4mg/kg；MK）肌内注射。在时间 0（侧卧开始）和 30 分钟时，记录心率（HR）、呼吸频率（f）、直肠温度、无创平均动脉压（MAP）和血红蛋白氧饱和度（SpO2）。记录侧卧开始时间、麻醉持续时间和站立时间。
总体而言，所有方案均在 10 分钟内使动物麻醉，麻醉维持时间≥57 分钟，恢复（从第一次抬头到站立的时间）在 5 分钟内完成。在所有方案的麻醉过程中，HR、f、直肠温度、SpO2 和 MAP 分别为 99-125 次/分钟、33-44 次/分钟、37.6-39.4°C、90-95%和 152-177mmHg。未观察到不良事件。
TZM 和 KM 在不同剂量下可迅速诱导麻醉，麻醉持续时间超过 57 分钟，无需使用拮抗剂即可迅速恢复。因此，所有这些组合都可用于麻醉远东豹猫并进行简单手术。然而，建议使用较低剂量的麻醉剂，因为在所研究的剂量率之间，麻醉持续时间没有差异。
